use std::io;

use gix_features::decode::leb64_from_read;

use super::{BLOB, COMMIT, OFS_DELTA, REF_DELTA, TAG, TREE};
use crate::data;

/// The error returned by [data::Entry::from_bytes()].
#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
#[expect(missing_docs)]
pub enum Error {
    #[error("Object type {type_id} is unsupported")]
    UnsupportedType { type_id: u8 },
    #[error("Pack entry is truncated: {message}")]
    Corrupt { message: &'static str },
    #[error("Pack entry header value overflowed while decoding")]
    Overflow,
}

/// Decoding
impl data::Entry {
    /// Decode an entry from the given entry data `d`, providing the `pack_offset` to allow tracking the start of the entry data section.
    pub fn from_bytes(d: &[u8], pack_offset: data::Offset, object_hash: gix_hash::Kind) -> Result<data::Entry, Error> {
        let (type_id, size, mut consumed) = parse_header_info(d)?;
        let hash_len = object_hash.len_in_bytes();

        use crate::data::entry::Header::*;
        let object = match type_id {
            OFS_DELTA => {
                let (distance, leb_bytes) = parse_leb64(&d[consumed..])?;
                let delta = OfsDelta {
                    base_distance: distance,
                };
                consumed += leb_bytes;
                delta
            }
            REF_DELTA => {
                let hash = d
                    .get(consumed..)
                    .and_then(|d| d.get(..hash_len))
                    .ok_or(Error::Corrupt {
                        message: "ref-delta base object id",
                    })?;
                let delta = RefDelta {
                    base_id: gix_hash::ObjectId::try_from(hash).map_err(|_| Error::Corrupt {
                        message: "unsupported object hash length",
                    })?,
                };
                consumed += hash_len;
                delta
            }
            BLOB => Blob,
            TREE => Tree,
            COMMIT => Commit,
            TAG => Tag,
            other => return Err(Error::UnsupportedType { type_id: other }),
        };
        Ok(data::Entry {
            header: object,
            decompressed_size: size,
            data_offset: pack_offset + consumed as u64,
            encoded_header_size: encoded_header_size(consumed)?,
        })
    }

    /// Instantiate an `Entry` from the reader `r`, providing the `pack_offset` to allow tracking the start of the entry data section.
    pub fn from_read(r: &mut dyn io::Read, pack_offset: data::Offset, hash_len: usize) -> io::Result<data::Entry> {
        let (type_id, size, mut consumed) = streaming_parse_header_info(r)?;

        use crate::data::entry::Header::*;
        let object = match type_id {
            OFS_DELTA => {
                let (distance, leb_bytes) = leb64_from_read(&mut *r)?;
                let delta = OfsDelta {
                    base_distance: distance,
                };
                consumed += leb_bytes;
                delta
            }
            REF_DELTA => {
                let mut buf = gix_hash::Kind::buf();
                let hash = &mut buf[..hash_len];
                r.read_exact(hash)?;
                let delta = RefDelta {
                    base_id: gix_hash::ObjectId::from_bytes_or_panic(&hash[..]),
                };
                consumed += hash_len;
                delta
            }
            BLOB => Blob,
            TREE => Tree,
            COMMIT => Commit,
            TAG => Tag,
            other => return Err(io::Error::other(format!("Object type {other} is unsupported"))),
        };
        Ok(data::Entry {
            header: object,
            decompressed_size: size,
            data_offset: pack_offset + consumed as u64,
            encoded_header_size: encoded_header_size(consumed)
                .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err))?,
        })
    }
}

fn encoded_header_size(consumed: usize) -> Result<u16, Error> {
    consumed.try_into().map_err(|_| Error::Corrupt {
        message: "entry header size does not fit into u16",
    })
}

#[inline]
fn streaming_parse_header_info(read: &mut dyn io::Read) -> Result<(u8, u64, usize), io::Error> {
    let mut byte = [0u8; 1];
    read.read_exact(&mut byte)?;
    let mut c = byte[0];
    let mut i = 1;
    let type_id = (c >> 4) & 0b0000_0111;
    let mut size = u64::from(c) & 0b0000_1111;
    let mut shift = 4u32;
    while c & 0b1000_0000 != 0 {
        read.read_exact(&mut byte)?;
        c = byte[0];
        i += 1;
        let component = u64::from(c & 0b0111_1111)
            .checked_shl(shift)
            .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "pack entry header overflowed"))?;
        size = size
            .checked_add(component)
            .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "pack entry header overflowed"))?;
        shift += 7;
    }
    Ok((type_id, size, i))
}

/// Parses the header of a pack-entry, yielding object type id, decompressed object size, and consumed bytes
#[inline]
fn parse_header_info(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(u8, u64, usize), Error> {
    let mut c = *data.first().ok_or(Error::Corrupt {
        message: "need a pack entry header, got empty input",
    })?;
    let mut i = 1;
    let type_id = (c >> 4) & 0b0000_0111;
    let mut size = u64::from(c) & 0b0000_1111;
    let mut shift = 4u32;
    while c & 0b1000_0000 != 0 {
        c = *data.get(i).ok_or(Error::Corrupt {
            message: "pack entry header continuation byte",
        })?;
        i += 1;
        let component = u64::from(c & 0b0111_1111).checked_shl(shift).ok_or(Error::Overflow)?;
        size = size.checked_add(component).ok_or(Error::Overflow)?;
        shift += 7;
    }
    Ok((type_id, size, i))
}

fn parse_leb64(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(u64, usize), Error> {
    let mut i = 0;
    let mut c = *data.first().ok_or(Error::Corrupt {
        message: "an ofs-delta base distance",
    })?;
    i += 1;
    let mut value = u64::from(c) & 0x7f;
    while c & 0x80 != 0 {
        c = *data.get(i).ok_or(Error::Corrupt {
            message: "an ofs-delta base distance continuation byte",
        })?;
        i += 1;
        value = value
            .checked_add(1)
            .and_then(|value| value.checked_shl(7))
            .and_then(|value| value.checked_add(u64::from(c) & 0x7f))
            .ok_or(Error::Overflow)?;
    }
    Ok((value, i))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn accepts_non_canonical_pack_entry_header_encoding() {
        let pack_offset = 42;
        let entry = data::Entry::from_bytes(&[0xb3, 0x00], pack_offset, gix_hash::Kind::Sha1)
            .expect("non-canonical size encodings are accepted by git");

        assert_eq!(entry.header, data::entry::Header::Blob);
        assert_eq!(
            entry.decompressed_size, 3,
            "`0xb3` is `1011_0011`: the low nibble `0011` is size 3, and the continued `0x00` adds no size bits"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.encoded_header_size, 2,
            "the decoded entry records the actual encoded header length, not the canonical length, and has an extra byte 0x00"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.header.size(entry.decompressed_size),
            1,
            "canonical re-encoding of a blob with size 3 needs only the single byte `0x33`"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.header_size(),
            2,
            "`header_size()` reports the two bytes actually consumed from `b3 00`, unlike `Header::size()` which canonicalizes to one byte"
        );
        assert_eq!(entry.pack_offset(), pack_offset);
        assert_eq!(entry.data_offset, pack_offset + 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn non_canonical_pack_entry_header_keeps_ofs_delta_base_offsets_correct() {
        let pack_offset = 100;
        let base_distance = 5;
        let entry = data::Entry::from_bytes(&[0xe4, 0x00, base_distance], pack_offset, gix_hash::Kind::Sha1)
            .expect("non-canonical ofs-delta size encodings are accepted by git");

        assert_eq!(
            entry.header,
            data::entry::Header::OfsDelta {
                base_distance: base_distance.into()
            },
            "the base_distance is correct, which wouldn't be the case without using the consumed size"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.header_size(),
            3,
            "`e4 00` consumes two size-header bytes before the one-byte ofs-delta base distance. entry.size() would be 2"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.pack_offset(),
            pack_offset,
            "`pack_offset()` subtracts the actual three-byte header from `data_offset`, preserving the entry start"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            entry.checked_base_pack_offset(base_distance.into()),
            Some(pack_offset - u64::from(base_distance)),
            "ofs-delta base distances are relative to the entry start, so preserving `pack_offset()` keeps the base lookup correct"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn oversized_encoded_header_size_is_rejected() {
        assert!(
            matches!(
                encoded_header_size(usize::from(u16::MAX) + 1),
                Err(Error::Corrupt { message }) if message == "entry header size does not fit into u16"
            ),
            "entry header lengths that cannot be stored in the Entry metadata must be rejected"
        );
    }
}