} if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n"; $allowed[$allow] = 1; } if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n"; $allowed[$allow] = 1; } $allow++; } if ($seen) { my $sum_allowed = 0; foreach (@allowed) { $sum_allowed += $_; } if ($sum_allowed == 0) { WARN("BRACES", "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx); } elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow && $seen != $allow) { CHK("BRACES", "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx); } } } } if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} && $line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) { my $allowed = 0; # Check the pre-context. if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n"; $allowed = 1; } my ($level, $endln, @chunks) = ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]); # Check the condition. my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]}; #print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n"; if (defined $cond) { substr($block, 0, length($cond), ''); } if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n"; $allowed = 1; } if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } # Check the post-context. if (defined $chunks[1]) { my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]}; if (defined $cond) { substr($block, 0, length($cond), ''); } if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } } if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) { my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block); my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here); WARN("BRACES", "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx); } } # check for single line unbalanced braces if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ || $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) { CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr); } # check for unnecessary blank lines around braces if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) { if (CHK("BRACES", "Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) && $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); } } if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) { if (CHK("BRACES", "Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) && $fix) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); } } # no volatiles please my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b}; if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) { WARN("VOLATILE", "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr); } # Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability# to grep for the string. Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ && $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ && $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) { if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING", "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) && $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ && $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) { my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline); my $comma_close = ""; if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) { $comma_close = $1; } fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); my $fixedline = $prevrawline; $fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//; $fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close); fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline); $fixedline = $rawline; $fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//; if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) { fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline); } $last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr; } } # check for missing a space in a string concatenation if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) { WARN('MISSING_SPACE', "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev); } # check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file# function declarations if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ && defined($context_function) && get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ && length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) { WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME", "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr); } # check for spaces before a quoted newline if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) { if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE", "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/; } } # concatenated string without spaces between elements if ($line =~ /$String[A-Za-z0-9_]/ || $line =~ /[A-Za-z0-9_]$String/) { if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING", "Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { while ($line =~ /($String)/g) { my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/; } } } # uncoalesced string fragments if ($line =~ /$String\s*"/) { if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS", "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) { my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e; } } } # check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats my $show_L = 1; #don't show the same defect twice my $show_Z = 1; while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) { my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]); $string =~ s/%%/__/g; # check for %L if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) { WARN("PRINTF_L", "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr); $show_L = 0; } # check for %Z if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) { WARN("PRINTF_Z", "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr); $show_Z = 0; } # check for 0x<decimal> if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) { ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL", "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr); } } # check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of " if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) { WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS", "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #if 0 if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) { WARN("IF_0", "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #if 1 if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) { WARN("IF_1", "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr); } # check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) { my $tested = quotemeta($1); my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;'; if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) { my $func = $1; if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF', "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) && $fix) { my $do_fix = 1; my $leading_tabs = ""; my $new_leading_tabs = ""; if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) { $leading_tabs = $1; } else { $do_fix = 0; } if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) { $new_leading_tabs = $1; if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) { $do_fix = 0; } } else { $do_fix = 0; } if ($do_fix) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/; } } } } # check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ && $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ && (defined $1 || defined $3) && $linenr > 3) { my $testval = $2; my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3]; my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);# print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n"); if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ && $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) { WARN("OOM_MESSAGE", "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev); } } # check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL> if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ && $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) { my $level = $1; if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL", "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//; } } # check for logging continuations if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) { WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION", "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr); } # check for mask then right shift without a parentheses if ($perl_version_ok && $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ && $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT", "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr); } # check for pointer comparisons to NULL if ($perl_version_ok) { while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) { my $val = $1; my $equal = "!"; $equal = "" if ($4 eq "!="); if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL", "Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/; } } } # check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata) if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) { my $attr = $1; if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) { my $ptr = $1; my $var = $2; if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT", "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) || ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && WARN("MISPLACED_INIT", "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e; } } } # check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) { my $attr = $1; $attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/; my $attr_prefix = $1; my $attr_type = $2; if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE", "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/; } } # check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) { my $attr = $1; if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE", "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/; $lead = rtrim($1); $lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/); $lead = "${lead}const "; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/; } } # check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const) if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ && $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) { if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY", "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//; } } # don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/ if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ && $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) { my $constant_func = $1; my $func = $constant_func; $func =~ s/^__constant_//; if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION", "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g; } } # prefer usleep_range over udelay if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) { my $delay = $1; # ignore udelay's < 10, however if (! ($delay < 10) ) { CHK("USLEEP_RANGE", "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr); } if ($delay > 2000) { WARN("LONG_UDELAY", "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr); } } # warn about unexpectedly long msleep's if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) { if ($1 < 20) { WARN("MSLEEP", "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr); } } # check for comparisons of jiffies if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) { WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON", "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr); } # check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64() if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) { WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON", "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #ifdefs in C files# if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {# print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";# print "$herecurr";# $clean = 0;# } # warn about spacing in #ifdefs if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) { if (ERROR("SPACING", "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /; } } # check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment. if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ || $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) { my $which = $1; if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION", "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr); } }# check for memory barriers without a comment. my $barriers = qr{ mb| rmb| wmb }x; my $barrier_stems = qr{ mb__before_atomic| mb__after_atomic| store_release| load_acquire| store_mb| (?:$barriers) }x; my $all_barriers = qr{ (?:$barriers)| smp_(?:$barrier_stems)| virt_(?:$barrier_stems) }x; if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) { if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER", "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr); } } my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x; if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ && $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ && $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ && $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) { WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER", "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr); } # check for waitqueue_active without a comment. if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) { if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE", "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);Lines 5501–6000 of 6972. 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} if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n"; $allowed[$allow] = 1; } if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n"; $allowed[$allow] = 1; } $allow++; } if ($seen) { my $sum_allowed = 0; foreach (@allowed) { $sum_allowed += $_; } if ($sum_allowed == 0) { WARN("BRACES", "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx); } elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow && $seen != $allow) { CHK("BRACES", "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx); } } } } if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} && $line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) { my $allowed = 0; # Check the pre-context. if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n"; $allowed = 1; } my ($level, $endln, @chunks) = ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]); # Check the condition. my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]}; #print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n"; if (defined $cond) { substr($block, 0, length($cond), ''); } if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n"; $allowed = 1; } if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } # Check the post-context. if (defined $chunks[1]) { my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]}; if (defined $cond) { substr($block, 0, length($cond), ''); } if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) { #print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n"; $allowed = 1; } } if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) { my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block); my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here); WARN("BRACES", "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx); } } # check for single line unbalanced braces if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ || $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) { CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr); } # check for unnecessary blank lines around braces if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) { if (CHK("BRACES", "Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) && $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); } } if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) { if (CHK("BRACES", "Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) && $fix) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); } } # no volatiles please my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b}; if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) { WARN("VOLATILE", "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr); } # Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability # to grep for the string. Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a # newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{' # (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ && $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ && $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) { if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING", "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) && $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ && $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) { my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline); my $comma_close = ""; if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) { $comma_close = $1; } fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline); my $fixedline = $prevrawline; $fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//; $fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close); fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline); $fixedline = $rawline; $fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//; if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) { fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline); } $last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr; } } # check for missing a space in a string concatenation if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) { WARN('MISSING_SPACE', "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev); } # check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known # This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch # context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file # function declarations if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ && defined($context_function) && get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ && length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) { WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME", "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr); } # check for spaces before a quoted newline if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) { if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE", "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/; } } # concatenated string without spaces between elements if ($line =~ /$String[A-Za-z0-9_]/ || $line =~ /[A-Za-z0-9_]$String/) { if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING", "Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { while ($line =~ /($String)/g) { my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/; } } } # uncoalesced string fragments if ($line =~ /$String\s*"/) { if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS", "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) { my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e; } } } # check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats my $show_L = 1; #don't show the same defect twice my $show_Z = 1; while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) { my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]); $string =~ s/%%/__/g; # check for %L if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) { WARN("PRINTF_L", "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr); $show_L = 0; } # check for %Z if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) { WARN("PRINTF_Z", "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr); $show_Z = 0; } # check for 0x<decimal> if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) { ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL", "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr); } } # check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of " if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) { WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS", "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #if 0 if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) { WARN("IF_0", "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #if 1 if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) { WARN("IF_1", "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr); } # check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) { my $tested = quotemeta($1); my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;'; if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) { my $func = $1; if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF', "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) && $fix) { my $do_fix = 1; my $leading_tabs = ""; my $new_leading_tabs = ""; if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) { $leading_tabs = $1; } else { $do_fix = 0; } if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) { $new_leading_tabs = $1; if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) { $do_fix = 0; } } else { $do_fix = 0; } if ($do_fix) { fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline); $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/; } } } } # check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ && $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ && (defined $1 || defined $3) && $linenr > 3) { my $testval = $2; my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3]; my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0); # print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n"); if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ && $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) { WARN("OOM_MESSAGE", "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev); } } # check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL> if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ && $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) { my $level = $1; if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL", "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//; } } # check for logging continuations if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) { WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION", "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr); } # check for mask then right shift without a parentheses if ($perl_version_ok && $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ && $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT", "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr); } # check for pointer comparisons to NULL if ($perl_version_ok) { while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) { my $val = $1; my $equal = "!"; $equal = "" if ($4 eq "!="); if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL", "Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/; } } } # check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata) if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) { my $attr = $1; if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) { my $ptr = $1; my $var = $2; if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT", "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) || ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ && WARN("MISPLACED_INIT", "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e; } } } # check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) { my $attr = $1; $attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/; my $attr_prefix = $1; my $attr_type = $2; if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE", "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/; } } # check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) { my $attr = $1; if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE", "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/; $lead = rtrim($1); $lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/); $lead = "${lead}const "; $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/; } } # check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const) if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ && $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) { if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY", "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//; } } # don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/ if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ && $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) { my $constant_func = $1; my $func = $constant_func; $func =~ s/^__constant_//; if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION", "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g; } } # prefer usleep_range over udelay if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) { my $delay = $1; # ignore udelay's < 10, however if (! ($delay < 10) ) { CHK("USLEEP_RANGE", "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr); } if ($delay > 2000) { WARN("LONG_UDELAY", "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr); } } # warn about unexpectedly long msleep's if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) { if ($1 < 20) { WARN("MSLEEP", "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr); } } # check for comparisons of jiffies if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) { WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON", "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr); } # check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64() if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) { WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON", "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr); } # warn about #ifdefs in C files # if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) { # print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n"; # print "$herecurr"; # $clean = 0; # } # warn about spacing in #ifdefs if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) { if (ERROR("SPACING", "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) && $fix) { $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /; } } # check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment. if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ || $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) { my $which = $1; if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION", "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr); } } # check for memory barriers without a comment. my $barriers = qr{ mb| rmb| wmb }x; my $barrier_stems = qr{ mb__before_atomic| mb__after_atomic| store_release| load_acquire| store_mb| (?:$barriers) }x; my $all_barriers = qr{ (?:$barriers)| smp_(?:$barrier_stems)| virt_(?:$barrier_stems) }x; if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) { if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER", "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr); } } my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x; if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ && $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ && $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ && $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) { WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER", "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr); } # check for waitqueue_active without a comment. if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) { if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) { WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE", "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);