History

Merge patch series "Rust support for `struct iov_iter`"

Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> says: This series adds support for the `struct iov_iter` type. This type represents an IO buffer for reading or writing, and can be configured for either direction of communication. In Rust, we define separate types for reading and writing. This will ensure that you cannot mix them up and e.g. call copy_from_iter in a read_iter syscall. To use the new abstractions, miscdevices are given new methods read_iter and write_iter that can be used to implement the read/write syscalls on a miscdevice. The miscdevice sample is updated to provide read/write operations. Intended for Greg's miscdevice tree.

Greg Kroah-Hartman committed 1 year ago

Commit 1da0ca42 parents 2d2664f e5b0d7d6 files · +482 −3Browse files

Unified · Split

6 files
  1. rust/kernel/fs.rs +3 −0
  2. rust/kernel/fs/kiocb.rs +68 −0
  3. rust/kernel/iov.rs +314 −0
  4. rust/kernel/lib.rs +1 −0
  5. rust/kernel/miscdevice.rs +62 −1
  6. samples/rust/rust_misc_device.rs +34 −2
rust/kernel/fs.rs+3−0
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ · 5 unmodified lines
66
77 pub mod file;
88 pub use self::file::{File, LocalFile};
9+
10+mod kiocb;
11+pub use self::kiocb::Kiocb;
rust/kernel/fs/kiocb.rs+68−0
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
1+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2+
3+// Copyright (C) 2024 Google LLC.
4+
5+//! Kernel IO callbacks.
6+//!
7+//! C headers: [`include/linux/fs.h`](srctree/include/linux/fs.h)
8+
9+use core::marker::PhantomData;
10+use core::ptr::NonNull;
11+use kernel::types::ForeignOwnable;
12+
13+/// Wrapper for the kernel's `struct kiocb`.
14+///
15+/// Currently this abstractions is incomplete and is essentially just a tuple containing a
16+/// reference to a file and a file position.
17+///
18+/// The type `T` represents the filesystem or driver specific data associated with the file.
19+///
20+/// # Invariants
21+///
22+/// `inner` points at a valid `struct kiocb` whose file has the type `T` as its private data.
23+pub struct Kiocb<'a, T> {
24+ inner: NonNull<bindings::kiocb>,
25+ _phantom: PhantomData<&'a T>,
26+}
27+
28+impl<'a, T: ForeignOwnable> Kiocb<'a, T> {
29+ /// Create a `Kiocb` from a raw pointer.
30+ ///
31+ /// # Safety
32+ ///
33+ /// The pointer must reference a valid `struct kiocb` for the duration of `'a`. The private
34+ /// data of the file must be `T`.
35+ pub unsafe fn from_raw(kiocb: *mut bindings::kiocb) -> Self {
36+ Self {
37+ // SAFETY: If a pointer is valid it is not null.
38+ inner: unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(kiocb) },
39+ _phantom: PhantomData,
40+ }
41+ }
42+
43+ /// Access the underlying `struct kiocb` directly.
44+ pub fn as_raw(&self) -> *mut bindings::kiocb {
45+ self.inner.as_ptr()
46+ }
47+
48+ /// Get the filesystem or driver specific data associated with the file.
49+ pub fn file(&self) -> <T as ForeignOwnable>::Borrowed<'a> {
50+ // SAFETY: We have shared access to this kiocb and hence the underlying file, so we can
51+ // read the file's private data.
52+ let private = unsafe { (*(*self.as_raw()).ki_filp).private_data };
53+ // SAFETY: The kiocb has shared access to the private data.
54+ unsafe { <T as ForeignOwnable>::borrow(private) }
55+ }
56+
57+ /// Gets the current value of `ki_pos`.
58+ pub fn ki_pos(&self) -> i64 {
59+ // SAFETY: We have shared access to the kiocb, so we can read its `ki_pos` field.
60+ unsafe { (*self.as_raw()).ki_pos }
61+ }
62+
63+ /// Gets a mutable reference to the `ki_pos` field.
64+ pub fn ki_pos_mut(&mut self) -> &mut i64 {
65+ // SAFETY: We have exclusive access to the kiocb, so we can write to `ki_pos`.
66+ unsafe { &mut (*self.as_raw()).ki_pos }
67+ }
68+}
rust/kernel/iov.rs+314−0
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
1+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2+
3+// Copyright (C) 2025 Google LLC.
4+
5+//! IO vectors.
6+//!
7+//! C headers: [`include/linux/iov_iter.h`](srctree/include/linux/iov_iter.h),
8+//! [`include/linux/uio.h`](srctree/include/linux/uio.h)
9+
10+use crate::{
11+ alloc::{Allocator, Flags},
12+ bindings,
13+ prelude::*,
14+ types::Opaque,
15+};
16+use core::{marker::PhantomData, mem::MaybeUninit, ptr, slice};
17+
18+const ITER_SOURCE: bool = bindings::ITER_SOURCE != 0;
19+const ITER_DEST: bool = bindings::ITER_DEST != 0;
20+
21+// Compile-time assertion for the above constants.
22+const _: () = {
23+ build_assert!(
24+ ITER_SOURCE != ITER_DEST,
25+ "ITER_DEST and ITER_SOURCE should be different."
26+ );
27+};
28+
29+/// An IO vector that acts as a source of data.
30+///
31+/// The data may come from many different sources. This includes both things in kernel-space and
32+/// reading from userspace. It's not necessarily the case that the data source is immutable, so
33+/// rewinding the IO vector to read the same data twice is not guaranteed to result in the same
34+/// bytes. It's also possible that the data source is mapped in a thread-local manner using e.g.
35+/// `kmap_local_page()`, so this type is not `Send` to ensure that the mapping is read from the
36+/// right context in that scenario.
37+///
38+/// # Invariants
39+///
40+/// Must hold a valid `struct iov_iter` with `data_source` set to `ITER_SOURCE`. For the duration
41+/// of `'data`, it must be safe to read from this IO vector using the standard C methods for this
42+/// purpose.
43+#[repr(transparent)]
44+pub struct IovIterSource<'data> {
45+ iov: Opaque<bindings::iov_iter>,
46+ /// Represent to the type system that this value contains a pointer to readable data it does
47+ /// not own.
48+ _source: PhantomData<&'data [u8]>,
49+}
50+
51+impl<'data> IovIterSource<'data> {
52+ /// Obtain an `IovIterSource` from a raw pointer.
53+ ///
54+ /// # Safety
55+ ///
56+ /// * The referenced `struct iov_iter` must be valid and must only be accessed through the
57+ /// returned reference for the duration of `'iov`.
58+ /// * The referenced `struct iov_iter` must have `data_source` set to `ITER_SOURCE`.
59+ /// * For the duration of `'data`, it must be safe to read from this IO vector using the
60+ /// standard C methods for this purpose.
61+ #[track_caller]
62+ #[inline]
63+ pub unsafe fn from_raw<'iov>(ptr: *mut bindings::iov_iter) -> &'iov mut IovIterSource<'data> {
64+ // SAFETY: The caller ensures that `ptr` is valid.
65+ let data_source = unsafe { (*ptr).data_source };
66+ assert_eq!(data_source, ITER_SOURCE);
67+
68+ // SAFETY: The caller ensures the type invariants for the right durations, and
69+ // `IovIterSource` is layout compatible with `struct iov_iter`.
70+ unsafe { &mut *ptr.cast::<IovIterSource<'data>>() }
71+ }
72+
73+ /// Access this as a raw `struct iov_iter`.
74+ #[inline]
75+ pub fn as_raw(&mut self) -> *mut bindings::iov_iter {
76+ self.iov.get()
77+ }
78+
79+ /// Returns the number of bytes available in this IO vector.
80+ ///
81+ /// Note that this may overestimate the number of bytes. For example, reading from userspace
82+ /// memory could fail with `EFAULT`, which will be treated as the end of the IO vector.
83+ #[inline]
84+ pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
85+ // SAFETY: We have shared access to this IO vector, so we can read its `count` field.
86+ unsafe {
87+ (*self.iov.get())
88+ .__bindgen_anon_1
89+ .__bindgen_anon_1
90+ .as_ref()
91+ .count
92+ }
93+ }
94+
95+ /// Returns whether there are any bytes left in this IO vector.
96+ ///
97+ /// This may return `true` even if there are no more bytes available. For example, reading from
98+ /// userspace memory could fail with `EFAULT`, which will be treated as the end of the IO vector.
99+ #[inline]
100+ pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
101+ self.len() == 0
102+ }
103+
104+ /// Advance this IO vector by `bytes` bytes.
105+ ///
106+ /// If `bytes` is larger than the size of this IO vector, it is advanced to the end.
107+ #[inline]
108+ pub fn advance(&mut self, bytes: usize) {
109+ // SAFETY: By the type invariants, `self.iov` is a valid IO vector.
110+ unsafe { bindings::iov_iter_advance(self.as_raw(), bytes) };
111+ }
112+
113+ /// Advance this IO vector backwards by `bytes` bytes.
114+ ///
115+ /// # Safety
116+ ///
117+ /// The IO vector must not be reverted to before its beginning.
118+ #[inline]
119+ pub unsafe fn revert(&mut self, bytes: usize) {
120+ // SAFETY: By the type invariants, `self.iov` is a valid IO vector, and the caller
121+ // ensures that `bytes` is in bounds.
122+ unsafe { bindings::iov_iter_revert(self.as_raw(), bytes) };
123+ }
124+
125+ /// Read data from this IO vector.
126+ ///
127+ /// Returns the number of bytes that have been copied.
128+ #[inline]
129+ pub fn copy_from_iter(&mut self, out: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
130+ // SAFETY: `Self::copy_from_iter_raw` guarantees that it will not write any uninitialized
131+ // bytes in the provided buffer, so `out` is still a valid `u8` slice after this call.
132+ let out = unsafe { &mut *(ptr::from_mut(out) as *mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) };
133+
134+ self.copy_from_iter_raw(out).len()
135+ }
136+
137+ /// Read data from this IO vector and append it to a vector.
138+ ///
139+ /// Returns the number of bytes that have been copied.
140+ #[inline]
141+ pub fn copy_from_iter_vec<A: Allocator>(
142+ &mut self,
143+ out: &mut Vec<u8, A>,
144+ flags: Flags,
145+ ) -> Result<usize> {
146+ out.reserve(self.len(), flags)?;
147+ let len = self.copy_from_iter_raw(out.spare_capacity_mut()).len();
148+ // SAFETY:
149+ // - `len` is the length of a subslice of the spare capacity, so `len` is at most the
150+ // length of the spare capacity.
151+ // - `Self::copy_from_iter_raw` guarantees that the first `len` bytes of the spare capacity
152+ // have been initialized.
153+ unsafe { out.inc_len(len) };
154+ Ok(len)
155+ }
156+
157+ /// Read data from this IO vector into potentially uninitialized memory.
158+ ///
159+ /// Returns the sub-slice of the output that has been initialized. If the returned slice is
160+ /// shorter than the input buffer, then the entire IO vector has been read.
161+ ///
162+ /// This will never write uninitialized bytes to the provided buffer.
163+ #[inline]
164+ pub fn copy_from_iter_raw(&mut self, out: &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]) -> &mut [u8] {
165+ let capacity = out.len();
166+ let out = out.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>();
167+
168+ // GUARANTEES: The C API guarantees that it does not write uninitialized bytes to the
169+ // provided buffer.
170+ // SAFETY:
171+ // * By the type invariants, it is still valid to read from this IO vector.
172+ // * `out` is valid for writing for `capacity` bytes because it comes from a slice of
173+ // that length.
174+ let len = unsafe { bindings::_copy_from_iter(out.cast(), capacity, self.as_raw()) };
175+
176+ // SAFETY: The underlying C api guarantees that initialized bytes have been written to the
177+ // first `len` bytes of the spare capacity.
178+ unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out, len) }
179+ }
180+}
181+
182+/// An IO vector that acts as a destination for data.
183+///
184+/// IO vectors support many different types of destinations. This includes both buffers in
185+/// kernel-space and writing to userspace. It's possible that the destination buffer is mapped in a
186+/// thread-local manner using e.g. `kmap_local_page()`, so this type is not `Send` to ensure that
187+/// the mapping is written to the right context in that scenario.
188+///
189+/// # Invariants
190+///
191+/// Must hold a valid `struct iov_iter` with `data_source` set to `ITER_DEST`. For the duration of
192+/// `'data`, it must be safe to write to this IO vector using the standard C methods for this
193+/// purpose.
194+#[repr(transparent)]
195+pub struct IovIterDest<'data> {
196+ iov: Opaque<bindings::iov_iter>,
197+ /// Represent to the type system that this value contains a pointer to writable data it does
198+ /// not own.
199+ _source: PhantomData<&'data mut [u8]>,
200+}
201+
202+impl<'data> IovIterDest<'data> {
203+ /// Obtain an `IovIterDest` from a raw pointer.
204+ ///
205+ /// # Safety
206+ ///
207+ /// * The referenced `struct iov_iter` must be valid and must only be accessed through the
208+ /// returned reference for the duration of `'iov`.
209+ /// * The referenced `struct iov_iter` must have `data_source` set to `ITER_DEST`.
210+ /// * For the duration of `'data`, it must be safe to write to this IO vector using the
211+ /// standard C methods for this purpose.
212+ #[track_caller]
213+ #[inline]
214+ pub unsafe fn from_raw<'iov>(ptr: *mut bindings::iov_iter) -> &'iov mut IovIterDest<'data> {
215+ // SAFETY: The caller ensures that `ptr` is valid.
216+ let data_source = unsafe { (*ptr).data_source };
217+ assert_eq!(data_source, ITER_DEST);
218+
219+ // SAFETY: The caller ensures the type invariants for the right durations, and
220+ // `IovIterSource` is layout compatible with `struct iov_iter`.
221+ unsafe { &mut *ptr.cast::<IovIterDest<'data>>() }
222+ }
223+
224+ /// Access this as a raw `struct iov_iter`.
225+ #[inline]
226+ pub fn as_raw(&mut self) -> *mut bindings::iov_iter {
227+ self.iov.get()
228+ }
229+
230+ /// Returns the number of bytes available in this IO vector.
231+ ///
232+ /// Note that this may overestimate the number of bytes. For example, reading from userspace
233+ /// memory could fail with EFAULT, which will be treated as the end of the IO vector.
234+ #[inline]
235+ pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
236+ // SAFETY: We have shared access to this IO vector, so we can read its `count` field.
237+ unsafe {
238+ (*self.iov.get())
239+ .__bindgen_anon_1
240+ .__bindgen_anon_1
241+ .as_ref()
242+ .count
243+ }
244+ }
245+
246+ /// Returns whether there are any bytes left in this IO vector.
247+ ///
248+ /// This may return `true` even if there are no more bytes available. For example, reading from
249+ /// userspace memory could fail with EFAULT, which will be treated as the end of the IO vector.
250+ #[inline]
251+ pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
252+ self.len() == 0
253+ }
254+
255+ /// Advance this IO vector by `bytes` bytes.
256+ ///
257+ /// If `bytes` is larger than the size of this IO vector, it is advanced to the end.
258+ #[inline]
259+ pub fn advance(&mut self, bytes: usize) {
260+ // SAFETY: By the type invariants, `self.iov` is a valid IO vector.
261+ unsafe { bindings::iov_iter_advance(self.as_raw(), bytes) };
262+ }
263+
264+ /// Advance this IO vector backwards by `bytes` bytes.
265+ ///
266+ /// # Safety
267+ ///
268+ /// The IO vector must not be reverted to before its beginning.
269+ #[inline]
270+ pub unsafe fn revert(&mut self, bytes: usize) {
271+ // SAFETY: By the type invariants, `self.iov` is a valid IO vector, and the caller
272+ // ensures that `bytes` is in bounds.
273+ unsafe { bindings::iov_iter_revert(self.as_raw(), bytes) };
274+ }
275+
276+ /// Write data to this IO vector.
277+ ///
278+ /// Returns the number of bytes that were written. If this is shorter than the provided slice,
279+ /// then no more bytes can be written.
280+ #[inline]
281+ pub fn copy_to_iter(&mut self, input: &[u8]) -> usize {
282+ // SAFETY:
283+ // * By the type invariants, it is still valid to write to this IO vector.
284+ // * `input` is valid for `input.len()` bytes.
285+ unsafe { bindings::_copy_to_iter(input.as_ptr().cast(), input.len(), self.as_raw()) }
286+ }
287+
288+ /// Utility for implementing `read_iter` given the full contents of the file.
289+ ///
290+ /// The full contents of the file being read from is represented by `contents`. This call will
291+ /// write the appropriate sub-slice of `contents` and update the file position in `ppos` so
292+ /// that the file will appear to contain `contents` even if takes multiple reads to read the
293+ /// entire file.
294+ #[inline]
295+ pub fn simple_read_from_buffer(&mut self, ppos: &mut i64, contents: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
296+ if *ppos < 0 {
297+ return Err(EINVAL);
298+ }
299+ let Ok(pos) = usize::try_from(*ppos) else {
300+ return Ok(0);
301+ };
302+ if pos >= contents.len() {
303+ return Ok(0);
304+ }
305+
306+ // BOUNDS: We just checked that `pos < contents.len()` above.
307+ let num_written = self.copy_to_iter(&contents[pos..]);
308+
309+ // OVERFLOW: `pos+num_written <= contents.len() <= isize::MAX <= i64::MAX`.
310+ *ppos = (pos + num_written) as i64;
311+
312+ Ok(num_written)
313+ }
314+}
rust/kernel/lib.rs+1−0
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ pub mod fs; · 91 unmodified lines
9292 pub mod init;
9393 pub mod io;
9494 pub mod ioctl;
95+pub mod iov;
9596 pub mod jump_label;
9697 #[cfg(CONFIG_KUNIT)]
9798 pub mod kunit;
rust/kernel/miscdevice.rs+62−1
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ use crate::{ · 12 unmodified lines
1313 device::Device,
1414 error::{to_result, Error, Result, VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR},
1515 ffi::{c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_ulong},
16− fs::File,
16+ fs::{File, Kiocb},
17+ iov::{IovIterDest, IovIterSource},
1718 mm::virt::VmaNew,
1819 prelude::*,
1920 seq_file::SeqFile,
@@ -141,6 +142,16 @@ pub trait MiscDevice: Sized { · 121 unmodified lines
141142 build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
142143 }
143144
145+ /// Read from this miscdevice.
146+ fn read_iter(_kiocb: Kiocb<'_, Self::Ptr>, _iov: &mut IovIterDest<'_>) -> Result<usize> {
147+ build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
148+ }
149+
150+ /// Write to this miscdevice.
151+ fn write_iter(_kiocb: Kiocb<'_, Self::Ptr>, _iov: &mut IovIterSource<'_>) -> Result<usize> {
152+ build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
153+ }
154+
144155 /// Handler for ioctls.
145156 ///
146157 /// The `cmd` argument is usually manipulated using the utilities in [`kernel::ioctl`].
@@ -245,6 +256,46 @@ impl<T: MiscDevice> MiscdeviceVTable<T> { · 98 unmodified lines
245256 0
246257 }
247258
259+ /// # Safety
260+ ///
261+ /// `kiocb` must be correspond to a valid file that is associated with a
262+ /// `MiscDeviceRegistration<T>`. `iter` must be a valid `struct iov_iter` for writing.
263+ unsafe extern "C" fn read_iter(
264+ kiocb: *mut bindings::kiocb,
265+ iter: *mut bindings::iov_iter,
266+ ) -> isize {
267+ // SAFETY: The caller provides a valid `struct kiocb` associated with a
268+ // `MiscDeviceRegistration<T>` file.
269+ let kiocb = unsafe { Kiocb::from_raw(kiocb) };
270+ // SAFETY: This is a valid `struct iov_iter` for writing.
271+ let iov = unsafe { IovIterDest::from_raw(iter) };
272+
273+ match T::read_iter(kiocb, iov) {
274+ Ok(res) => res as isize,
275+ Err(err) => err.to_errno() as isize,
276+ }
277+ }
278+
279+ /// # Safety
280+ ///
281+ /// `kiocb` must be correspond to a valid file that is associated with a
282+ /// `MiscDeviceRegistration<T>`. `iter` must be a valid `struct iov_iter` for writing.
283+ unsafe extern "C" fn write_iter(
284+ kiocb: *mut bindings::kiocb,
285+ iter: *mut bindings::iov_iter,
286+ ) -> isize {
287+ // SAFETY: The caller provides a valid `struct kiocb` associated with a
288+ // `MiscDeviceRegistration<T>` file.
289+ let kiocb = unsafe { Kiocb::from_raw(kiocb) };
290+ // SAFETY: This is a valid `struct iov_iter` for reading.
291+ let iov = unsafe { IovIterSource::from_raw(iter) };
292+
293+ match T::write_iter(kiocb, iov) {
294+ Ok(res) => res as isize,
295+ Err(err) => err.to_errno() as isize,
296+ }
297+ }
298+
248299 /// # Safety
249300 ///
250301 /// `file` must be a valid file that is associated with a `MiscDeviceRegistration<T>`.
@@ -341,6 +392,16 @@ impl<T: MiscDevice> MiscdeviceVTable<T> { · 90 unmodified lines
341392 open: Some(Self::open),
342393 release: Some(Self::release),
343394 mmap: if T::HAS_MMAP { Some(Self::mmap) } else { None },
395+ read_iter: if T::HAS_READ_ITER {
396+ Some(Self::read_iter)
397+ } else {
398+ None
399+ },
400+ write_iter: if T::HAS_WRITE_ITER {
401+ Some(Self::write_iter)
402+ } else {
403+ None
404+ },
344405 unlocked_ioctl: if T::HAS_IOCTL {
345406 Some(Self::ioctl)
346407 } else {
samples/rust/rust_misc_device.rs+34−2
@@ -100,8 +100,9 @@ use core::pin::Pin; · 99 unmodified lines
100100 use kernel::{
101101 c_str,
102102 device::Device,
103− fs::File,
103+ fs::{File, Kiocb},
104104 ioctl::{_IO, _IOC_SIZE, _IOR, _IOW},
105+ iov::{IovIterDest, IovIterSource},
105106 miscdevice::{MiscDevice, MiscDeviceOptions, MiscDeviceRegistration},
106107 new_mutex,
107108 prelude::*,
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ impl kernel::InPlaceModule for RustMiscDeviceModule { · 35 unmodified lines
143144
144145 struct Inner {
145146 value: i32,
147+ buffer: KVVec<u8>,
146148 }
147149
148150 #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
@@ -164,7 +166,10 @@ impl MiscDevice for RustMiscDevice { · 15 unmodified lines
164166 KBox::try_pin_init(
165167 try_pin_init! {
166168 RustMiscDevice {
167− inner <- new_mutex!( Inner{ value: 0_i32 } ),
169+ inner <- new_mutex!(Inner {
170+ value: 0_i32,
171+ buffer: KVVec::new(),
172+ }),
168173 dev: dev,
169174 }
170175 },
@@ -172,6 +177,33 @@ impl MiscDevice for RustMiscDevice { · 1 unmodified line
172177 )
173178 }
174179
180+ fn read_iter(mut kiocb: Kiocb<'_, Self::Ptr>, iov: &mut IovIterDest<'_>) -> Result<usize> {
181+ let me = kiocb.file();
182+ dev_info!(me.dev, "Reading from Rust Misc Device Sample\n");
183+
184+ let inner = me.inner.lock();
185+ // Read the buffer contents, taking the file position into account.
186+ let read = iov.simple_read_from_buffer(kiocb.ki_pos_mut(), &inner.buffer)?;
187+
188+ Ok(read)
189+ }
190+
191+ fn write_iter(mut kiocb: Kiocb<'_, Self::Ptr>, iov: &mut IovIterSource<'_>) -> Result<usize> {
192+ let me = kiocb.file();
193+ dev_info!(me.dev, "Writing to Rust Misc Device Sample\n");
194+
195+ let mut inner = me.inner.lock();
196+
197+ // Replace buffer contents.
198+ inner.buffer.clear();
199+ let len = iov.copy_from_iter_vec(&mut inner.buffer, GFP_KERNEL)?;
200+
201+ // Set position to zero so that future `read` calls will see the new contents.
202+ *kiocb.ki_pos_mut() = 0;
203+
204+ Ok(len)
205+ }
206+
175207 fn ioctl(me: Pin<&RustMiscDevice>, _file: &File, cmd: u32, arg: usize) -> Result<isize> {
176208 dev_info!(me.dev, "IOCTLing Rust Misc Device Sample\n");
177209

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