spi: Add a PTP system timestamp to the transfer structure

SPI is one of the interfaces used to access devices which have a POSIX clock driver (real time clocks, 1588 timers etc). The fact that the SPI bus is slow is not what the main problem is, but rather the fact that drivers don't take a constant amount of time in transferring data over SPI. When there is a high delay in the readout of time, there will be uncertainty in the value that has been read out of the peripheral. When that delay is constant, the uncertainty can at least be approximated with a certain accuracy which is fine more often than not. Timing jitter occurs all over in the kernel code, and is mainly caused by having to let go of the CPU for various reasons such as preemption, servicing interrupts, going to sleep, etc. Another major reason is CPU dynamic frequency scaling. It turns out that the problem of retrieving time from a SPI peripheral with high accuracy can be solved by the use of "PTP system timestamping" - a mechanism to correlate the time when the device has snapshotted its internal time counter with the Linux system time at that same moment. This is sufficient for having a precise time measurement - it is not necessary for the whole SPI transfer to be transmitted "as fast as possible", or "as low-jitter as possible". The system has to be low-jitter for a very short amount of time to be effective. This patch introduces a PTP system timestamping mechanism in struct spi_transfer. This is to be used by SPI device drivers when they need to know the exact time at which the underlying device's time was snapshotted. More often than not, SPI peripherals have a very exact timing for when their SPI-to-interconnect bridge issues a transaction for snapshotting and reading the time register, and that will be dependent on when the SPI-to-interconnect bridge figures out that this is what it should do, aka as soon as it sees byte N of the SPI transfer. Since spi_device drivers are the ones who'd know best how the peripheral behaves in this regard, expose a mechanism in spi_transfer which allows them to specify which word (or word range) from the transfer should be timestamped. Add a default implementation of the PTP system timestamping in the SPI core. This is not going to be satisfactory performance-wise, but should at least increase the likelihood that SPI device drivers will use PTP system timestamping in the future. There are 3 entry points from the core towards the SPI controller drivers: - transfer_one: The driver is passed individual spi_transfers to execute. This is the easiest to timestamp. - transfer_one_message: The core passes the driver an entire spi_message (a potential batch of spi_transfers). The core puts the same pre and post timestamp to all transfers within a message. This is not ideal, but nothing better can be done by default anyway, since the core has no insight into how the driver batches the transfers. - transfer: Like transfer_one_message, but for unqueued drivers (i.e. the driver implements its own queue scheduling).

VOVladimir Oltean committed 7 years ago