.TH ATOM 2
.SH NAME
ainc, adec, cas, cas32, cas64, casp, casl, loadlink, storecond, _tas \- atomic RMW operations
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <u.h>
.br
.B #include <libc.h>
.PP
.B
long ainc(long *addr);
.PP
.B
long adec(long *addr);
.PP
.B
int cas32(u32int *addr, u32int ov, u32int nv);
.PP
.B
int cas64(u64int *addr, u64int ov, u64int nv);
.PP
.B
int cas(int *addr, int ov, int nv);
.PP
.B
int casp(void **addr, void *ov, void *nv);
.PP
.B
int casl(ulong *addr, ulong ov, ulong nv);
.PP
.B
int _tas(ulong *addr);
.PP
.B
ulong loadlink(ulong*);
.PP
.B
int storecond(ulong*, ulong);
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Ainc
atomically increments the value pointed to by
.I addr
and returns the new value.
.PP
.I Adec
atomically decrements the value pointed to by
.I addr
and returns the new value.
.PP
.IR Cas ,
.IR cas32 ,
.IR cas64 ,
.IR casp ,
and
.I casl
implement
.I Compare-and-Swap
on, respectively,
.IR int ,
.IR u32int ,
.IR u64int ,
.IR void* ,
and
.IR ulong
values.  The availability of these functions depends on the
\s-2CPU\s0 architecture:  Pentium III and later, as well as AMD64
have 64-bit CAS instructions.  Other architectures don't.
ARM-5 processors and earlier do not have CAS (nor have they
.I Load-Linked
or
.I Store-Conditional ).
These instructions are, however, emulated by the Plan 9 kernel.
All other architectures have 32-bit CAS.
.PP
.I _tas
implements
.IR Test-and-Set ,
which is available on all architectures and used for the implementation
of kernel locks
(see
.IR lock (2)
and
.IR thread (2)).
.PP
.I Loadlink
and
.I Storecond
access the
.I load-linked
and
.I store-conditional
instructions present on MIPS (LL/SC), ARM (Strex/Ldrex), PowerPC (LWAR/STWCCC), Alpha (MOVLL, MOVLC).
These are not present on Pentium or AMD64.
.PP
On the architectures that have
.I load-linked
and
.IR store-conditional ,
these are used to implement
.IR compare-and-swap .
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/*/atom.s
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/*/tas.s
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR semacquire (2),
.IR lock (2),
.IR thread (2)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
The CAS functions,
.IR _tas ,
and
.I storecond
return 0 for failure and 1 for success.