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| 1 | +/* | |
| 2 | + * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. | |
| 3 | + * | |
| 4 | + * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 5 | + * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as | |
| 6 | + * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this | |
| 7 | + * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided | |
| 8 | + * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. | |
| 9 | + * | |
| 10 | + * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT | |
| 11 | + * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or | |
| 12 | + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License | |
| 13 | + * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that | |
| 14 | + * accompanied this code). | |
| 15 | + * | |
| 16 | + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version | |
| 17 | + * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, | |
| 18 | + * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. | |
| 19 | + * | |
| 20 | + * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA | |
| 21 | + * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any | |
| 22 | + * questions. | |
| 23 | + */ | |
| 24 | + | |
| 25 | +/* | |
| 26 | + * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public | |
| 27 | + * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation. | |
| 28 | + * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this | |
| 29 | + * file: | |
| 30 | + * | |
| 31 | + * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 | |
| 32 | + * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at | |
| 33 | + * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | |
| 34 | + */ | |
| 35 | + | |
| 36 | +package java.util.concurrent; | |
| 37 | +import java.util.*; | |
| 38 | + | |
| 39 | +/** | |
| 40 | + * A {@link java.util.Set} that uses an internal {@link CopyOnWriteArrayList} | |
| 41 | + * for all of its operations. Thus, it shares the same basic properties: | |
| 42 | + * <ul> | |
| 43 | + * <li>It is best suited for applications in which set sizes generally | |
| 44 | + * stay small, read-only operations | |
| 45 | + * vastly outnumber mutative operations, and you need | |
| 46 | + * to prevent interference among threads during traversal. | |
| 47 | + * <li>It is thread-safe. | |
| 48 | + * <li>Mutative operations (<tt>add</tt>, <tt>set</tt>, <tt>remove</tt>, etc.) | |
| 49 | + * are expensive since they usually entail copying the entire underlying | |
| 50 | + * array. | |
| 51 | + * <li>Iterators do not support the mutative <tt>remove</tt> operation. | |
| 52 | + * <li>Traversal via iterators is fast and cannot encounter | |
| 53 | + * interference from other threads. Iterators rely on | |
| 54 | + * unchanging snapshots of the array at the time the iterators were | |
| 55 | + * constructed. | |
| 56 | + * </ul> | |
| 57 | + * | |
| 58 | + * <p> <b>Sample Usage.</b> The following code sketch uses a | |
| 59 | + * copy-on-write set to maintain a set of Handler objects that | |
| 60 | + * perform some action upon state updates. | |
| 61 | + * | |
| 62 | + * <pre> {@code | |
| 63 | + * class Handler { void handle(); ... } | |
| 64 | + * | |
| 65 | + * class X { | |
| 66 | + * private final CopyOnWriteArraySet<Handler> handlers | |
| 67 | + * = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<Handler>(); | |
| 68 | + * public void addHandler(Handler h) { handlers.add(h); } | |
| 69 | + * | |
| 70 | + * private long internalState; | |
| 71 | + * private synchronized void changeState() { internalState = ...; } | |
| 72 | + * | |
| 73 | + * public void update() { | |
| 74 | + * changeState(); | |
| 75 | + * for (Handler handler : handlers) | |
| 76 | + * handler.handle(); | |
| 77 | + * } | |
| 78 | + * }}</pre> | |
| 79 | + * | |
| 80 | + * <p>This class is a member of the | |
| 81 | + * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html"> | |
| 82 | + * Java Collections Framework</a>. | |
| 83 | + * | |
| 84 | + * @see CopyOnWriteArrayList | |
| 85 | + * @since 1.5 | |
| 86 | + * @author Doug Lea | |
| 87 | + * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection | |
| 88 | + */ | |
| 89 | +public class CopyOnWriteArraySet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> | |
| 90 | + implements java.io.Serializable { | |
| 91 | + private static final long serialVersionUID = 5457747651344034263L; | |
| 92 | + | |
| 93 | + private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<E> al; | |
| 94 | + | |
| 95 | + /** | |
| 96 | + * Creates an empty set. | |
| 97 | + */ | |
| 98 | + public CopyOnWriteArraySet() { | |
| 99 | + al = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<E>(); | |
| 100 | + } | |
| 101 | + | |
| 102 | + /** | |
| 103 | + * Creates a set containing all of the elements of the specified | |
| 104 | + * collection. | |
| 105 | + * | |
| 106 | + * @param c the collection of elements to initially contain | |
| 107 | + * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null | |
| 108 | + */ | |
| 109 | + public CopyOnWriteArraySet(Collection<? extends E> c) { | |
| 110 | + al = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<E>(); | |
| 111 | + al.addAllAbsent(c); | |
| 112 | + } | |
| 113 | + | |
| 114 | + /** | |
| 115 | + * Returns the number of elements in this set. | |
| 116 | + * | |
| 117 | + * @return the number of elements in this set | |
| 118 | + */ | |
| 119 | + public int size() { | |
| 120 | + return al.size(); | |
| 121 | + } | |
| 122 | + | |
| 123 | + /** | |
| 124 | + * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements. | |
| 125 | + * | |
| 126 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements | |
| 127 | + */ | |
| 128 | + public boolean isEmpty() { | |
| 129 | + return al.isEmpty(); | |
| 130 | + } | |
| 131 | + | |
| 132 | + /** | |
| 133 | + * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element. | |
| 134 | + * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this set | |
| 135 | + * contains an element <tt>e</tt> such that | |
| 136 | + * <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>. | |
| 137 | + * | |
| 138 | + * @param o element whose presence in this set is to be tested | |
| 139 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element | |
| 140 | + */ | |
| 141 | + public boolean contains(Object o) { | |
| 142 | + return al.contains(o); | |
| 143 | + } | |
| 144 | + | |
| 145 | + /** | |
| 146 | + * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set. | |
| 147 | + * If this set makes any guarantees as to what order its elements | |
| 148 | + * are returned by its iterator, this method must return the | |
| 149 | + * elements in the same order. | |
| 150 | + * | |
| 151 | + * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it | |
| 152 | + * are maintained by this set. (In other words, this method must | |
| 153 | + * allocate a new array even if this set is backed by an array). | |
| 154 | + * The caller is thus free to modify the returned array. | |
| 155 | + * | |
| 156 | + * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based | |
| 157 | + * APIs. | |
| 158 | + * | |
| 159 | + * @return an array containing all the elements in this set | |
| 160 | + */ | |
| 161 | + public Object[] toArray() { | |
| 162 | + return al.toArray(); | |
| 163 | + } | |
| 164 | + | |
| 165 | + /** | |
| 166 | + * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this set; the | |
| 167 | + * runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. | |
| 168 | + * If the set fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. | |
| 169 | + * Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the | |
| 170 | + * specified array and the size of this set. | |
| 171 | + * | |
| 172 | + * <p>If this set fits in the specified array with room to spare | |
| 173 | + * (i.e., the array has more elements than this set), the element in | |
| 174 | + * the array immediately following the end of the set is set to | |
| 175 | + * <tt>null</tt>. (This is useful in determining the length of this | |
| 176 | + * set <i>only</i> if the caller knows that this set does not contain | |
| 177 | + * any null elements.) | |
| 178 | + * | |
| 179 | + * <p>If this set makes any guarantees as to what order its elements | |
| 180 | + * are returned by its iterator, this method must return the elements | |
| 181 | + * in the same order. | |
| 182 | + * | |
| 183 | + * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between | |
| 184 | + * array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows | |
| 185 | + * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, | |
| 186 | + * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs. | |
| 187 | + * | |
| 188 | + * <p>Suppose <tt>x</tt> is a set known to contain only strings. | |
| 189 | + * The following code can be used to dump the set into a newly allocated | |
| 190 | + * array of <tt>String</tt>: | |
| 191 | + * | |
| 192 | + * <pre> | |
| 193 | + * String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre> | |
| 194 | + * | |
| 195 | + * Note that <tt>toArray(new Object[0])</tt> is identical in function to | |
| 196 | + * <tt>toArray()</tt>. | |
| 197 | + * | |
| 198 | + * @param a the array into which the elements of this set are to be | |
| 199 | + * stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the same | |
| 200 | + * runtime type is allocated for this purpose. | |
| 201 | + * @return an array containing all the elements in this set | |
| 202 | + * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array | |
| 203 | + * is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this | |
| 204 | + * set | |
| 205 | + * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null | |
| 206 | + */ | |
| 207 | + public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { | |
| 208 | + return al.toArray(a); | |
| 209 | + } | |
| 210 | + | |
| 211 | + /** | |
| 212 | + * Removes all of the elements from this set. | |
| 213 | + * The set will be empty after this call returns. | |
| 214 | + */ | |
| 215 | + public void clear() { | |
| 216 | + al.clear(); | |
| 217 | + } | |
| 218 | + | |
| 219 | + /** | |
| 220 | + * Removes the specified element from this set if it is present. | |
| 221 | + * More formally, removes an element <tt>e</tt> such that | |
| 222 | + * <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>, | |
| 223 | + * if this set contains such an element. Returns <tt>true</tt> if | |
| 224 | + * this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set | |
| 225 | + * changed as a result of the call). (This set will not contain the | |
| 226 | + * element once the call returns.) | |
| 227 | + * | |
| 228 | + * @param o object to be removed from this set, if present | |
| 229 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contained the specified element | |
| 230 | + */ | |
| 231 | + public boolean remove(Object o) { | |
| 232 | + return al.remove(o); | |
| 233 | + } | |
| 234 | + | |
| 235 | + /** | |
| 236 | + * Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present. | |
| 237 | + * More formally, adds the specified element <tt>e</tt> to this set if | |
| 238 | + * the set contains no element <tt>e2</tt> such that | |
| 239 | + * <tt>(e==null ? e2==null : e.equals(e2))</tt>. | |
| 240 | + * If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set | |
| 241 | + * unchanged and returns <tt>false</tt>. | |
| 242 | + * | |
| 243 | + * @param e element to be added to this set | |
| 244 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set did not already contain the specified | |
| 245 | + * element | |
| 246 | + */ | |
| 247 | + public boolean add(E e) { | |
| 248 | + return al.addIfAbsent(e); | |
| 249 | + } | |
| 250 | + | |
| 251 | + /** | |
| 252 | + * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains all of the elements of the | |
| 253 | + * specified collection. If the specified collection is also a set, this | |
| 254 | + * method returns <tt>true</tt> if it is a <i>subset</i> of this set. | |
| 255 | + * | |
| 256 | + * @param c collection to be checked for containment in this set | |
| 257 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains all of the elements of the | |
| 258 | + * specified collection | |
| 259 | + * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null | |
| 260 | + * @see #contains(Object) | |
| 261 | + */ | |
| 262 | + public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) { | |
| 263 | + return al.containsAll(c); | |
| 264 | + } | |
| 265 | + | |
| 266 | + /** | |
| 267 | + * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set if | |
| 268 | + * they're not already present. If the specified collection is also a | |
| 269 | + * set, the <tt>addAll</tt> operation effectively modifies this set so | |
| 270 | + * that its value is the <i>union</i> of the two sets. The behavior of | |
| 271 | + * this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified | |
| 272 | + * while the operation is in progress. | |
| 273 | + * | |
| 274 | + * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this set | |
| 275 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set changed as a result of the call | |
| 276 | + * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null | |
| 277 | + * @see #add(Object) | |
| 278 | + */ | |
| 279 | + public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { | |
| 280 | + return al.addAllAbsent(c) > 0; | |
| 281 | + } | |
| 282 | + | |
| 283 | + /** | |
| 284 | + * Removes from this set all of its elements that are contained in the | |
| 285 | + * specified collection. If the specified collection is also a set, | |
| 286 | + * this operation effectively modifies this set so that its value is the | |
| 287 | + * <i>asymmetric set difference</i> of the two sets. | |
| 288 | + * | |
| 289 | + * @param c collection containing elements to be removed from this set | |
| 290 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set changed as a result of the call | |
| 291 | + * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this set | |
| 292 | + * is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) | |
| 293 | + * @throws NullPointerException if this set contains a null element and the | |
| 294 | + * specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), | |
| 295 | + * or if the specified collection is null | |
| 296 | + * @see #remove(Object) | |
| 297 | + */ | |
| 298 | + public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { | |
| 299 | + return al.removeAll(c); | |
| 300 | + } | |
| 301 | + | |
| 302 | + /** | |
| 303 | + * Retains only the elements in this set that are contained in the | |
| 304 | + * specified collection. In other words, removes from this set all of | |
| 305 | + * its elements that are not contained in the specified collection. If | |
| 306 | + * the specified collection is also a set, this operation effectively | |
| 307 | + * modifies this set so that its value is the <i>intersection</i> of the | |
| 308 | + * two sets. | |
| 309 | + * | |
| 310 | + * @param c collection containing elements to be retained in this set | |
| 311 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set changed as a result of the call | |
| 312 | + * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this set | |
| 313 | + * is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) | |
| 314 | + * @throws NullPointerException if this set contains a null element and the | |
| 315 | + * specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), | |
| 316 | + * or if the specified collection is null | |
| 317 | + * @see #remove(Object) | |
| 318 | + */ | |
| 319 | + public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { | |
| 320 | + return al.retainAll(c); | |
| 321 | + } | |
| 322 | + | |
| 323 | + /** | |
| 324 | + * Returns an iterator over the elements contained in this set | |
| 325 | + * in the order in which these elements were added. | |
| 326 | + * | |
| 327 | + * <p>The returned iterator provides a snapshot of the state of the set | |
| 328 | + * when the iterator was constructed. No synchronization is needed while | |
| 329 | + * traversing the iterator. The iterator does <em>NOT</em> support the | |
| 330 | + * <tt>remove</tt> method. | |
| 331 | + * | |
| 332 | + * @return an iterator over the elements in this set | |
| 333 | + */ | |
| 334 | + public Iterator<E> iterator() { | |
| 335 | + return al.iterator(); | |
| 336 | + } | |
| 337 | + | |
| 338 | + /** | |
| 339 | + * Compares the specified object with this set for equality. | |
| 340 | + * Returns {@code true} if the specified object is the same object | |
| 341 | + * as this object, or if it is also a {@link Set} and the elements | |
| 342 | + * returned by an {@linkplain List#iterator() iterator} over the | |
| 343 | + * specified set are the same as the elements returned by an | |
| 344 | + * iterator over this set. More formally, the two iterators are | |
| 345 | + * considered to return the same elements if they return the same | |
| 346 | + * number of elements and for every element {@code e1} returned by | |
| 347 | + * the iterator over the specified set, there is an element | |
| 348 | + * {@code e2} returned by the iterator over this set such that | |
| 349 | + * {@code (e1==null ? e2==null : e1.equals(e2))}. | |
| 350 | + * | |
| 351 | + * @param o object to be compared for equality with this set | |
| 352 | + * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this set | |
| 353 | + */ | |
| 354 | + public boolean equals(Object o) { | |
| 355 | + if (o == this) | |
| 356 | + return true; | |
| 357 | + if (!(o instanceof Set)) | |
| 358 | + return false; | |
| 359 | + Set<?> set = (Set<?>)(o); | |
| 360 | + Iterator<?> it = set.iterator(); | |
| 361 | + | |
| 362 | + // Uses O(n^2) algorithm that is only appropriate | |
| 363 | + // for small sets, which CopyOnWriteArraySets should be. | |
| 364 | + | |
| 365 | + // Use a single snapshot of underlying array | |
| 366 | + Object[] elements = al.getArray(); | |
| 367 | + int len = elements.length; | |
| 368 | + // Mark matched elements to avoid re-checking | |
| 369 | + boolean[] matched = new boolean[len]; | |
| 370 | + int k = 0; | |
| 371 | + outer: while (it.hasNext()) { | |
| 372 | + if (++k > len) | |
| 373 | + return false; | |
| 374 | + Object x = it.next(); | |
| 375 | + for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { | |
| 376 | + if (!matched[i] && eq(x, elements[i])) { | |
| 377 | + matched[i] = true; | |
| 378 | + continue outer; | |
| 379 | + } | |
| 380 | + } | |
| 381 | + return false; | |
| 382 | + } | |
| 383 | + return k == len; | |
| 384 | + } | |
| 385 | + | |
| 386 | + /** | |
| 387 | + * Test for equality, coping with nulls. | |
| 388 | + */ | |
| 389 | + private static boolean eq(Object o1, Object o2) { | |
| 390 | + return (o1 == null ? o2 == null : o1.equals(o2)); | |
| 391 | + } | |
| 392 | +} | |