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| 1 | +/* | |
| 2 | + * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. | |
| 3 | + * | |
| 4 | + * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 5 | + * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as | |
| 6 | + * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this | |
| 7 | + * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided | |
| 8 | + * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. | |
| 9 | + * | |
| 10 | + * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT | |
| 11 | + * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or | |
| 12 | + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License | |
| 13 | + * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that | |
| 14 | + * accompanied this code). | |
| 15 | + * | |
| 16 | + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version | |
| 17 | + * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, | |
| 18 | + * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. | |
| 19 | + * | |
| 20 | + * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA | |
| 21 | + * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any | |
| 22 | + * questions. | |
| 23 | + */ | |
| 24 | + | |
| 25 | +/* | |
| 26 | + * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public | |
| 27 | + * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation. | |
| 28 | + * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this | |
| 29 | + * file: | |
| 30 | + * | |
| 31 | + * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 | |
| 32 | + * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at | |
| 33 | + * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | |
| 34 | + */ | |
| 35 | + | |
| 36 | +package java.util.concurrent; | |
| 37 | + | |
| 38 | +/** | |
| 39 | + * A <tt>Future</tt> represents the result of an asynchronous | |
| 40 | + * computation. Methods are provided to check if the computation is | |
| 41 | + * complete, to wait for its completion, and to retrieve the result of | |
| 42 | + * the computation. The result can only be retrieved using method | |
| 43 | + * <tt>get</tt> when the computation has completed, blocking if | |
| 44 | + * necessary until it is ready. Cancellation is performed by the | |
| 45 | + * <tt>cancel</tt> method. Additional methods are provided to | |
| 46 | + * determine if the task completed normally or was cancelled. Once a | |
| 47 | + * computation has completed, the computation cannot be cancelled. | |
| 48 | + * If you would like to use a <tt>Future</tt> for the sake | |
| 49 | + * of cancellability but not provide a usable result, you can | |
| 50 | + * declare types of the form {@code Future<?>} and | |
| 51 | + * return <tt>null</tt> as a result of the underlying task. | |
| 52 | + * | |
| 53 | + * <p> | |
| 54 | + * <b>Sample Usage</b> (Note that the following classes are all | |
| 55 | + * made-up.) <p> | |
| 56 | + * <pre> {@code | |
| 57 | + * interface ArchiveSearcher { String search(String target); } | |
| 58 | + * class App { | |
| 59 | + * ExecutorService executor = ... | |
| 60 | + * ArchiveSearcher searcher = ... | |
| 61 | + * void showSearch(final String target) | |
| 62 | + * throws InterruptedException { | |
| 63 | + * Future<String> future | |
| 64 | + * = executor.submit(new Callable<String>() { | |
| 65 | + * public String call() { | |
| 66 | + * return searcher.search(target); | |
| 67 | + * }}); | |
| 68 | + * displayOtherThings(); // do other things while searching | |
| 69 | + * try { | |
| 70 | + * displayText(future.get()); // use future | |
| 71 | + * } catch (ExecutionException ex) { cleanup(); return; } | |
| 72 | + * } | |
| 73 | + * }}</pre> | |
| 74 | + * | |
| 75 | + * The {@link FutureTask} class is an implementation of <tt>Future</tt> that | |
| 76 | + * implements <tt>Runnable</tt>, and so may be executed by an <tt>Executor</tt>. | |
| 77 | + * For example, the above construction with <tt>submit</tt> could be replaced by: | |
| 78 | + * <pre> {@code | |
| 79 | + * FutureTask<String> future = | |
| 80 | + * new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() { | |
| 81 | + * public String call() { | |
| 82 | + * return searcher.search(target); | |
| 83 | + * }}); | |
| 84 | + * executor.execute(future);}</pre> | |
| 85 | + * | |
| 86 | + * <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions taken by the asynchronous computation | |
| 87 | + * <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"> <i>happen-before</i></a> | |
| 88 | + * actions following the corresponding {@code Future.get()} in another thread. | |
| 89 | + * | |
| 90 | + * @see FutureTask | |
| 91 | + * @see Executor | |
| 92 | + * @since 1.5 | |
| 93 | + * @author Doug Lea | |
| 94 | + * @param <V> The result type returned by this Future's <tt>get</tt> method | |
| 95 | + */ | |
| 96 | +public interface Future<V> { | |
| 97 | + | |
| 98 | + /** | |
| 99 | + * Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will | |
| 100 | + * fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled, | |
| 101 | + * or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful, | |
| 102 | + * and this task has not started when <tt>cancel</tt> is called, | |
| 103 | + * this task should never run. If the task has already started, | |
| 104 | + * then the <tt>mayInterruptIfRunning</tt> parameter determines | |
| 105 | + * whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in | |
| 106 | + * an attempt to stop the task. | |
| 107 | + * | |
| 108 | + * <p>After this method returns, subsequent calls to {@link #isDone} will | |
| 109 | + * always return <tt>true</tt>. Subsequent calls to {@link #isCancelled} | |
| 110 | + * will always return <tt>true</tt> if this method returned <tt>true</tt>. | |
| 111 | + * | |
| 112 | + * @param mayInterruptIfRunning <tt>true</tt> if the thread executing this | |
| 113 | + * task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed | |
| 114 | + * to complete | |
| 115 | + * @return <tt>false</tt> if the task could not be cancelled, | |
| 116 | + * typically because it has already completed normally; | |
| 117 | + * <tt>true</tt> otherwise | |
| 118 | + */ | |
| 119 | + boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning); | |
| 120 | + | |
| 121 | + /** | |
| 122 | + * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this task was cancelled before it completed | |
| 123 | + * normally. | |
| 124 | + * | |
| 125 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this task was cancelled before it completed | |
| 126 | + */ | |
| 127 | + boolean isCancelled(); | |
| 128 | + | |
| 129 | + /** | |
| 130 | + * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this task completed. | |
| 131 | + * | |
| 132 | + * Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or | |
| 133 | + * cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return | |
| 134 | + * <tt>true</tt>. | |
| 135 | + * | |
| 136 | + * @return <tt>true</tt> if this task completed | |
| 137 | + */ | |
| 138 | + boolean isDone(); | |
| 139 | + | |
| 140 | + /** | |
| 141 | + * Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then | |
| 142 | + * retrieves its result. | |
| 143 | + * | |
| 144 | + * @return the computed result | |
| 145 | + * @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled | |
| 146 | + * @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an | |
| 147 | + * exception | |
| 148 | + * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted | |
| 149 | + * while waiting | |
| 150 | + */ | |
| 151 | + V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; | |
| 152 | + | |
| 153 | + /** | |
| 154 | + * Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation | |
| 155 | + * to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available. | |
| 156 | + * | |
| 157 | + * @param timeout the maximum time to wait | |
| 158 | + * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument | |
| 159 | + * @return the computed result | |
| 160 | + * @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled | |
| 161 | + * @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an | |
| 162 | + * exception | |
| 163 | + * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted | |
| 164 | + * while waiting | |
| 165 | + * @throws TimeoutException if the wait timed out | |
| 166 | + */ | |
| 167 | + V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) | |
| 168 | + throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException; | |
| 169 | +} | |