//******************************************************************************************************
//  CategorizedSettingsElement.cs - Gbtc
//
//  Copyright © 2012, Grid Protection Alliance.  All Rights Reserved.
//
//  Licensed to the Grid Protection Alliance (GPA) under one or more contributor license agreements. See
//  the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
//  The GPA licenses this file to you under the MIT License (MIT), the "License"; you may
//  not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
//
//      http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
//
//  Unless agreed to in writing, the subject software distributed under the License is distributed on an
//  "AS-IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. Refer to the
//  License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations.
//
//  Code Modification History:
//  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  04/11/2006 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Generated original version of source code.
//  05/25/2006 - J. Ritchie Carroll
//       Added Try/Catch safety wrapper around GetTypedValue implementation.
//  06/01/2006 - J. Ritchie Carroll
//       Added GetTypedValue overload to handle boolean types as a special case.
//  08/17/2007 - Darrell Zuercher
//       Edited code comments.
//  09/17/2008 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Converted code to C#.
//  09/22/2008 - J. Ritchie Carroll
//       Made boolean types a special case (i.e., using ParseBoolean extension).
//  09/29/2008 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Reviewed code comments.
//  09/14/2009 - Stephen C. Wills
//       Added new header and license agreement.
//  04/15/2010 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Modified property setters to update the internal property bag only if values have changed.
//  04/20/2010 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Added new Category property for the purpose of managing user scope setting.
//       Removed publicly accessible constructors for manageability.
//       Added Scope property as a way of identifying user scope settings.
//  04/21/2010 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Removed unnecessary overloads of Update() for manageability.
//  04/22/2010 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Fixed encryption related bug introduced when adding support for user scope settings.
//  12/05/2010 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Modified Update() and ValueAs() to specify CultureInfo for the conversion.
//  01/11/2011 - Pinal C. Patel
//       Added support for use of Eval() in Value to reference other setting values and static members
//       of .NET types.
//  12/14/2012 - Starlynn Danyelle Gilliam
//       Modified Header,
//
//******************************************************************************************************

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using GSF.Security.Cryptography;

namespace GSF.Configuration
{
    #region [ Enumerations ]

    /// <summary>
    /// Specifies the scope of a setting represented by <see cref="CategorizedSettingsElement"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public enum SettingScope
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Settings is intended for user specific use.
        /// </summary>
        User,
        /// <summary>
        /// Settings is intended for application wide use.
        /// </summary>
        Application
    }

    #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a settings entry in the config file.
    /// </summary>
    public class CategorizedSettingsElement : ConfigurationElement
    {
        #region [ Members ]

        // Constants

        /// <summary>
        /// Specifies the default value for the <see cref="Value"/> property.
        /// </summary>
        public const string DefaultValue = "";

        /// <summary>
        /// Specifies the default value for the <see cref="Description"/> property.
        /// </summary>
        public const string DefaultDescription = "";

        /// <summary>
        /// Specifies the default value for the <see cref="Encrypted"/> property.
        /// </summary>
        public const bool DefaultEncrypted = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// Specifies the default value for the <see cref="Scope"/> property.
        /// </summary>
        public const SettingScope DefaultScope = SettingScope.Application;

        private const string DefaultCryptoKey = "0679d9ae-aca5-4702-a3f5-604415096987";
        private const string EvalRegex = @"Eval\((?<Container>(?<Accessor>[\w\d]+\.?)+)\.(?<Target>[\w\d]+)\)";

        // Fields
        private string m_cryptoKey;
        private CategorizedSettingsElementCollection m_category;

        #endregion

        #region [ Constructors ]

        /// <summary>
        /// Required by the configuration API and is for internal use only.
        /// </summary>
        internal CategorizedSettingsElement(CategorizedSettingsElementCollection category)
            : this(category, "")
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Required by the configuration API and is for internal use only.
        /// </summary>
        internal CategorizedSettingsElement(CategorizedSettingsElementCollection category, string name)
        {
            m_category = category;
            this.Name = name;
            m_cryptoKey = DefaultCryptoKey;
        }

        #endregion

        #region [ Properties ]

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the <see cref="CategorizedSettingsElementCollection"/> to which this <see cref="CategorizedSettingsElement"/> belongs.
        /// </summary>
        public CategorizedSettingsElementCollection Category
        {
            get
            {
                return m_category;
            }
            internal set
            {
                m_category = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the identifier of the setting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The identifier of the setting.</returns>
        [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]
        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return (string)base["name"];
            }
            set
            {
                base["name"] = value;
                Modified = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the value of the setting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The value of the setting.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// <see cref="Value"/> can reference the value of another setting using <b>Eval([Section].[Setting])</b> syntax or the value of a known .NET 
        /// type's static member (field, non-indexed property or parameterless method) using <b>Eval([Type].[Member])</b> syntax as shown in the example below:
        /// <code>
        /// <![CDATA[
        /// <?xml version="1.0"?>
        /// <configuration>
        ///   <configSections>
        ///     <section name="categorizedSettings" type="GSF.Configuration.CategorizedSettingsSection, GSF.Core" />
        ///   </configSections>
        ///   <categorizedSettings>
        ///     <database>
        ///       <add name="SettingsTable" value="dbo.Settings" description="Table that contains the settings." 
        ///         encrypted="false" />
        ///       <add name="AdminEmail" value="SELECT * FROM Eval(Database.SettingsTable) WHERE Name = 'AdminEmail'" 
        ///         description="Email address of the administrator." encrypted="false" />
        ///       <add name="AuditQuery" value="SELECT * FROM dbo.Log WHERE EntryTime < 'Eval(System.DateTime.UtcNow)'" 
        ///         description="Query for retrieving audit records." encrypted="false" />
        ///     </database>
        ///   </categorizedSettings>
        /// </configuration>
        /// ]]>
        /// </code>
        /// </remarks>
        [ConfigurationProperty("value", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = DefaultValue)]
        public string Value
        {
            get
            {
                return EvaluateValue(DecryptValue(GetRawValue()));
            }
            set
            {
                // Continue only if values are different.
                string currentValue;

                try
                {
                    currentValue = DecryptValue(GetRawValue());
                }
                catch (ConfigurationErrorsException)
                {
                    // Clear value if it fails to decrypt, updating anyway
                    currentValue = string.Empty;
                }

                if (value.ToNonNullString().Equals(currentValue))
                    return;

                // Ensure only Eval() can replace Eval().
                if (Regex.IsMatch(currentValue, EvalRegex, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase) &&
                    !Regex.IsMatch(value, EvalRegex, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
                    return;

                value = EncryptValue(value);

                if (Scope == SettingScope.Application || (object)Category[Name] == null)
                {
                    // Setting is application wide or is being added for the first time.
                    base["value"] = value;
                    Modified = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    // Setting is user specific so update setting in user settings store.
                    Category.Section.File.UserSettings.Write(Category.Name, Name, value);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the description of the setting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The description of the setting.</returns>
        [ConfigurationProperty("description", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = DefaultDescription)]
        public string Description
        {
            get
            {
                return (string)base["description"];
            }
            set
            {
                // Continue only if values are different.
                if (value.ToNonNullString().Equals(Description))
                    return;

                base["description"] = value;
                Modified = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets a boolean value that indicates whether the setting value is to be encrypted.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>true, if the setting value is to be encrypted; otherwise false.</returns>
        [ConfigurationProperty("encrypted", IsRequired = true, DefaultValue = DefaultEncrypted)]
        public bool Encrypted
        {
            get
            {
                return (bool)base["encrypted"];
            }
            set
            {
                // Continue only if values are different.
                if (value.Equals(Encrypted))
                    return;

                base["encrypted"] = value;
                Modified = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the <see cref="SettingScope"/>.
        /// </summary>
        [ConfigurationProperty("scope", IsRequired = false, DefaultValue = DefaultScope)]
        public SettingScope Scope
        {
            get
            {
                return (SettingScope)base["scope"];
            }
            set
            {
                // Continue only if values are different.
                if (value.Equals(Scope))
                    return;

                base["scope"] = value;
                Modified = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets value that will actually be serialized to the configuration file.
        /// </summary>
        public string SerializedValue
        {
            get
            {
                return EncryptValue((string)base["value"]);
            }
        }

        internal bool Modified
        {
            set
            {
                if ((object)m_category != null)
                    m_category.Modified = value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region [ Methods ]

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the key to be used for encrypting and decrypting the <see cref="Value"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cryptoKey">New crypto key.</param>
        public void SetCryptoKey(string cryptoKey)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cryptoKey))
            {
                // Re-encrypt the existing value with the new key. This is done because the value gets encrypted,
                // if specified, with the default crypto key when the value is set during instantiation.
                string decryptedValue;

                try
                {
                    decryptedValue = Value;
                }
                catch (ConfigurationErrorsException)
                {
                    // Clear value if it fails to decrypt
                    decryptedValue = string.Empty;
                }

                m_cryptoKey = cryptoKey;
                Value = decryptedValue;
                Modified = true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates setting information.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">New setting value.</param>
        public void Update(object value)
        {
            Update(value, Description, Encrypted, Scope);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates setting information.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">New setting value.</param>
        /// <param name="description">New setting description.</param>
        public void Update(object value, string description)
        {
            Update(value, description, Encrypted, Scope);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates setting information.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">New setting value.</param>
        /// <param name="description">New setting description.</param>
        /// <param name="encrypted">A boolean value that indicated whether the new setting value is to be encrypted.</param>
        public void Update(object value, string description, bool encrypted)
        {
            Update(value, description, encrypted, Scope);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates setting information.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">New setting value.</param>
        /// <param name="description">New setting description.</param>
        /// <param name="encrypted">A boolean value that indicated whether the new setting value is to be encrypted.</param>
        /// <param name="scope">One of the <see cref="SettingScope"/> values.</param>
        public void Update(object value, string description, bool encrypted, SettingScope scope)
        {
            this.Scope = scope;
            this.Encrypted = encrypted;
            this.Value = Common.TypeConvertToString(value, m_category.Section.File.Culture);
            this.Description = description;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as the specified type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">Type to which the setting value is to be converted.</typeparam>
        /// <returns>The type-coerced value of the setting.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// If this function fails to properly coerce value to specified type, the default value is returned.
        /// </remarks>
        public T ValueAs<T>()
        {
            return this.ValueAs(default(T));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as the specified type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">Type to which the setting value is to be converted.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>The type-coerced value of the setting.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// If this function fails to properly coerce value to specified type, the default value is returned.
        /// </remarks>
        public T ValueAs<T>(T defaultValue)
        {
            try
            {
                string value = Value;

                // Value is an empty string - use default value.
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
                    return defaultValue;

                return value.ConvertToType<T>(null, m_category.Section.File.Culture);
            }
            catch
            {
                // Conversion to target type failed so use the default value.
                return defaultValue;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as string.</returns>
        public string ValueAsString()
        {
            return ValueAsString(string.Empty);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as string.</returns>
        public string ValueAsString(string defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a boolean.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as boolean.</returns>
        public bool ValueAsBoolean()
        {
            return ValueAsBoolean(default(bool));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a boolean.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as boolean.</returns>
        public bool ValueAsBoolean(bool defaultValue)
        {
            try
            {
                string value = Value;

                // Value is an empty string - use default value.
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
                    return defaultValue;

                // Value is not empty string - convert to boolean.
                return value.ParseBoolean();
            }
            catch
            {
                // Conversion to target type failed so use the default value.
                return defaultValue;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a byte.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as byte.</returns>
        public byte ValueAsByte()
        {
            return ValueAsByte(default(byte));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a byte.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as byte.</returns>
        public byte ValueAsByte(byte defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a signed byte.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as signed byte.</returns>
        public sbyte ValueAsSByte()
        {
            return ValueAsSByte(default(sbyte));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a signed byte.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as signed byte.</returns>
        public sbyte ValueAsSByte(sbyte defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a char.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as char.</returns>
        public char ValueAsChar()
        {
            return ValueAsChar(default(char));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a char.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as char.</returns>
        public char ValueAsChar(char defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a short.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as short.</returns>
        public short ValueAsInt16()
        {
            return ValueAsInt16(default(short));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a short.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as short.</returns>
        public short ValueAsInt16(short defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an int.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as int.</returns>
        public int ValueAsInt32()
        {
            return ValueAsInt32(default(int));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an int.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as int.</returns>
        public int ValueAsInt32(int defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a long.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as long.</returns>
        public long ValueAsInt64()
        {
            return ValueAsInt64(default(long));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a long.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as long.</returns>
        public long ValueAsInt64(long defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned short.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned short.</returns>
        public ushort ValueAsUInt16()
        {
            return ValueAsUInt16(default(ushort));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned short.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned short.</returns>
        public ushort ValueAsUInt16(ushort defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned int.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned int.</returns>
        public uint ValueAsUInt32()
        {
            return ValueAsUInt32(default(uint));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned int.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned int.</returns>
        public uint ValueAsUInt32(uint defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned long.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned long.</returns>
        public ulong ValueAsUInt64()
        {
            return ValueAsUInt64(default(ulong));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as an unsigned long.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as unsigned long.</returns>
        public ulong ValueAsUInt64(ulong defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a float.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as float.</returns>
        public float ValueAsSingle()
        {
            return ValueAsSingle(default(float));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a float.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as float.</returns>
        public float ValueAsSingle(float defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a double.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as double.</returns>
        public double ValueAsDouble()
        {
            return ValueAsDouble(default(double));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a double.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as double.</returns>
        public double ValueAsDouble(double defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a decimal.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as decimal.</returns>
        public decimal ValueAsDecimal()
        {
            return ValueAsDecimal(default(decimal));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as a decimal.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as decimal.</returns>
        public decimal ValueAsDecimal(decimal defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as DateTime.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Value as DateTime.</returns>
        public DateTime ValueAsDateTime()
        {
            return ValueAsDateTime(default(DateTime));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the setting value as DateTime.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value to return if the setting value is empty.</param>
        /// <returns>Value as DateTime.</returns>
        public DateTime ValueAsDateTime(DateTime defaultValue)
        {
            return ValueAs(defaultValue);
        }

        private string GetRawValue()
        {
            string value = (string)base["value"];

            // If setting is user specific, retrieve value from user settings store.
            if (Scope == SettingScope.User)
                value = Category.Section.File.UserSettings.Read(Category.Name, Name, value);

            return value;
        }

        private string EncryptValue(string value)
        {
            if (Encrypted && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
            {
                try
                {
                    // Encrypts the element's value.
                    value = value.Encrypt(m_cryptoKey, CipherStrength.Aes256);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(string.Format("Failed to encrypt '{0}'", value), ex);
                }
            }

            return value;
        }

        private string DecryptValue(string value)
        {
            if (Encrypted && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
            {
                try
                {
                    // Decrypts the element's value.
                    value = value.Decrypt(m_cryptoKey, CipherStrength.Aes256);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(string.Format("Failed to decrypt '{0}'", value), ex);
                }
            }

            return value;
        }

        private string EvaluateValue(string value)
        {
            ConfigurationFile config = m_category.Section.File;
            CategorizedSettingsElement setting;

            foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(value, EvalRegex, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
            {
                // Try replacing Eval() with the actual value.
                setting = config.Settings[match.Groups["Container"].Value][match.Groups["Target"].Value];
                if ((object)setting != null)
                {
                    // Replacement is the value of another setting.
                    value = value.Replace(match.Value, setting.Value);
                }
                else
                {
                    // Replacement could be the value of .NET type's static member.
                    Type target = Type.GetType(match.Groups["Container"].Value);
                    if ((object)target != null)
                    {
                        // Specified .NET type is found.
                        MemberInfo[] members = target.GetMember(match.Groups["Target"].Value, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static);
                        if (members.Length > 0)
                        {
                            // Specified target member is found in the .NET type.
                            switch (members[0].MemberType)
                            {
                                case MemberTypes.Field:
                                    // Member is a static field.
                                    value = value.Replace(match.Value, ((FieldInfo)members[0]).GetValue(null).ToNonNullString());
                                    break;
                                case MemberTypes.Method:
                                    // Member is a static method.
                                    value = value.Replace(match.Value, ((MethodInfo)members[0]).Invoke(null, new object[0]).ToNonNullString());
                                    break;
                                case MemberTypes.Property:
                                    // Member is a static property.
                                    value = value.Replace(match.Value, ((PropertyInfo)members[0]).GetValue(null, new object[0]).ToNonNullString());
                                    break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return value;
        }

        #endregion
    }
}