ACPI	ACPI support is enabled.	AGP	AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.	ALSA	ALSA sound support is enabled.	APIC	APIC support is enabled.	APM	Advanced Power Management support is enabled.	APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.	ARM	ARM architecture is enabled.	ARM64	ARM64 architecture is enabled.	CLK	Common clock infrastructure is enabled.	CMA	Contiguous Memory Area support is enabled.	CPU_FREQ CPU frequency scaling is enabled.	CPU_IDLE CPU idle time management is enabled.	DRM	Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.	DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime	EARLY	Parameter processed too early to be embedded in initrd.	EDD	BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled	EFI	EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled	EVM	Extended Verification Module	FB	The frame buffer device is enabled.	FTRACE	Function tracing enabled.	GCOV	GCOV profiling is enabled.	HIBERNATION HIBERNATION is enabled.	HW	Appropriate hardware is enabled.	HYPER_V HYPERV support is enabled.	IMA     Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.	IP_PNP	IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.	IPV6	IPv6 support is enabled.	ISAPNP	ISA PnP code is enabled.	ISOL	CPU Isolation is enabled.	JOY	Appropriate joystick support is enabled.	KGDB	Kernel debugger support is enabled.	KVM	Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.	LIBATA  Libata driver is enabled	LOONGARCH LoongArch architecture is enabled.	LOOP	Loopback device support is enabled.	LP	Printer support is enabled.	M68k	M68k architecture is enabled.			These options have more detailed description inside of			Documentation/arch/m68k/kernel-options.rst.	MIPS	MIPS architecture is enabled.	MOUSE	Appropriate mouse support is enabled.	MSI	Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).	MTD	MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.	NET	Appropriate network support is enabled.	NFS	Appropriate NFS support is enabled.	NUMA	NUMA support is enabled.	OF	Devicetree is enabled.	PARISC	The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.	PCI	PCI bus support is enabled.	PCIE	PCI Express support is enabled.	PCMCIA	The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.	PM	Power Management support is enabled.	PNP	Plug & Play support is enabled.	PPC	PowerPC architecture is enabled.	PPT	Parallel port support is enabled.	PS2	Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.	PV_OPS	A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.	RAM	RAM disk support is enabled.	RDT	Intel Resource Director Technology.	RISCV	RISCV architecture is enabled.	S390	S390 architecture is enabled.	SCSI	Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.			A lot of drivers have their options described inside			the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.        SDW     SoundWire support is enabled.	SECURITY Different security models are enabled.	SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.	SERIAL	Serial support is enabled.	SH	SuperH architecture is enabled.	SMP	The kernel is an SMP kernel.	SPARC	Sparc architecture is enabled.	SUSPEND	System suspend states are enabled.	SWSUSP	Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.	TPM	TPM drivers are enabled.	UMS	USB Mass Storage support is enabled.	USB	USB support is enabled.	NVME	NVMe support is enabled	USBHID	USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.	V4L	Video For Linux support is enabled.	VGA	The VGA console has been enabled.	VMMIO   Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.	VT	Virtual terminal support is enabled.	WDT	Watchdog support is enabled.	X86-32	X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.	X86-64	X86-64 architecture is enabled.	X86	Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)	X86_UV	SGI UV support is enabled.	XEN	Xen support is enabled	XTENSA	xtensa architecture is enabled. In addition, the following text indicates that the option 	BOOT	Is a boot loader parameter.	BUGS=	Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.	KNL	Is a kernel start-up parameter.  Kernel parameters 	accept_memory=  [MM]			Format: { eager | lazy }			default: lazy			By default, unaccepted memory is accepted lazily to			avoid prolonged boot times. The lazy option will add			some runtime overhead until all memory is eventually			accepted. In most cases the overhead is negligible.			For some workloads or for debugging purposes			accept_memory=eager can be used to accept all memory			at once during boot. 	acpi=		[HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64,RISCV64,EARLY]			Advanced Configuration and Power Interface			Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt |				  copy_dsdt | nospcr }			force -- enable ACPI if default was off			on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64,riscv64]			off -- disable ACPI if default was on			noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing			strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not				strictly ACPI specification compliant.			rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT			copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory			nocmcff -- Disable firmware first mode for corrected			errors. This disables parsing the HEST CMC error			source to check if firmware has set the FF flag. This			may result in duplicate corrected error reports.			nospcr -- disable console in ACPI SPCR table as				default _serial_ console on ARM64			spcr -- enable console in ACPI SPCR table as				default _serial_ console on x86			For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on", "acpi=force" or			"acpi=nospcr" are available			For RISCV64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force"			are available 			See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.rst, pci=noacpi 	acpi_apic_instance=	[ACPI,IOAPIC,EARLY]			Format: <int>			2: use 2nd APIC table, if available			1,0: use 1st APIC table			default: 0 	acpi_backlight=	[HW,ACPI]			{ vendor | video | native | none }			If set to vendor, prefer vendor-specific driver			(e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead			of the ACPI video.ko driver.			If set to video, use the ACPI video.ko driver.			If set to native, use the device's native backlight mode.			If set to none, disable the ACPI backlight interface. 	acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr [ACPI,EARLY]			force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the			64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64			bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use			the older legacy 32 bit addresses. 	acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI]			Disable AML predefined validation mechanism			This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make			the return objects more ACPI specification compliant.			This option is useful for developers to identify the			root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue			has something to do with the repair mechanism. 	acpi.debug_layer=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]	acpi.debug_level=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]			Format: <int>			CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI			debug output.  Bits in debug_layer correspond to a			_COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,			    #define _COMPONENT ACPI_EVENTS			Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in			ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,			    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...			The debug_level mask defaults to "info".  See			Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/debug.rst for more information about			debug layers and levels. 			Enable processor driver info messages:			    acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000			Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug			object while interpreting AML:			    acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2			Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:			    acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff 			Some values produce so much output that the system is			unusable.  The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful			if you need to capture more output. 	acpi.poweroff_on_fatal=	[ACPI]			{0 | 1}			Causes the system to poweroff when the ACPI bytecode signals			a fatal error. The default value of this setting is 1.			Overriding this value should only be done for diagnosing			ACPI firmware problems, as the system might behave erratically			after having encountered a fatal ACPI error. 	acpi_enforce_resources=	[ACPI]			{ strict | lax | no }			Check for resource conflicts between native drivers			and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory			only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be			used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and			can interfere with legacy drivers.			strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI			is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved			resources will fail to bind to device using them.			lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;			legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources			will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.			no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,			no further checks are performed. 	acpi_force_table_verification	[HW,ACPI,EARLY]			Enable table checksum verification during early stage.			By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping			size limitation. 	acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]			ACPI will balance active IRQs			default in APIC mode 	acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]			ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)			default in PIC mode 	acpi_irq_isa=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA			Format: <irq>,<irq>... 	acpi_irq_pci=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for			use by PCI			Format: <irq>,<irq>... 	acpi_mask_gpe=	[HW,ACPI]			Due to the existence of _Lxx/_Exx, some GPEs triggered			by unsupported hardware/firmware features can result in			GPE floodings that cannot be automatically disabled by			the GPE dispatcher.			This facility can be used to prevent such uncontrolled			GPE floodings.			Format: <byte> or <bitmap-list> 	acpi_no_auto_serialize	[HW,ACPI]			Disable auto-serialization of AML methods			AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create			named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the			auto-serialization feature.			This feature is enabled by default.			This option allows to turn off the feature. 	acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug.  Useful for kdump			   kernels. 	acpi_no_static_ssdt	[HW,ACPI,EARLY]			Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time			By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be			installed automatically and they will appear under			/sys/firmware/acpi/tables.			This option turns off this feature.			Note that specifying this option does not affect			dynamic table installation which will install SSDT			tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic. 	acpi_no_watchdog	[HW,ACPI,WDT]			Ignore the ACPI-based watchdog interface (WDAT) and let			a native driver control the watchdog device instead. 	acpi_rsdp=	[ACPI,EFI,KEXEC,EARLY]			Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used			on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the			second kernel for kdump. 	acpi_os_name=	[HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS			Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows" 	acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead			of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI			specification revision (when using this switch, it may			be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a			row to make it take effect on the platform firmware). 	acpi_osi=	[HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings			acpi_osi="string1"	# add string1			acpi_osi="!string2"	# remove string2			acpi_osi=!*		# remove all strings			acpi_osi=!		# disable all built-in OS vendor						  strings			acpi_osi=!!		# enable all built-in OS vendor						  strings			acpi_osi=		# disable all strings 			'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or			multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS			vendor string(s).  Note that such command can only			affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus			it cannot affect the default state of the feature group			strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,			specifying it multiple times through kernel command line			is meaningless.  This command is useful when one do not			care about the state of the feature group strings which			should be controlled by the OSPM.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent			     to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all			     can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. 			'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other			'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not			exist in the ACPI namespace.  NOTE that such command can			only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it			multiple times through kernel command line is also			meaningless.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'			     FALSE. 			'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or			multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific			string(s).  Note that such command can affect the			current state of both the OS vendor strings and the			feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times			through kernel command line is meaningful.  But it may			still not able to affect the final state of a string if			there are quirks related to this string.  This command			is useful when one want to control the state of the			feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to			the OSPM features.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make			     '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.			  2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make			     '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.			  3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is			     equivalent to			     'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'			     and			     'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',			     they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. 	acpi_pm_good	[X86]			Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel			to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value			and always returns good values. 	acpi_sci=	[HW,ACPI,EARLY] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode			Format: { level | edge | high | low } 	acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI,EARLY]			Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.			For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer. 	acpi_sleep=	[HW,ACPI] Sleep options			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_hwsig,				  s4_nohwsig, old_ordering, nonvs,				  sci_force_enable, nobl }			See Documentation/power/video.rst for information on			s3_bios and s3_mode.			s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep			as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.			s4_hwsig causes the kernel to check the ACPI hardware			signature during resume from hibernation, and gracefully			refuse to resume if it has changed. This complies with			the ACPI specification but not with reality, since			Windows does not do this and many laptops do change it			on docking. So the default behaviour is to allow resume			and simply warn when the signature changes, unless the			s4_hwsig option is enabled.			s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being			used (or even warned about) during resume.			old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS			control method, with respect to putting devices into			low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering			of _PTS is used by default).			nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the			ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.			sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly			on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,			but some broken systems don't work without it).			nobl causes the internal blacklist of systems known to			behave incorrectly in some ways with respect to system			suspend and resume to be ignored (use wisely). 	acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI,EARLY]			Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards			that require a timer override, but don't have HPET 	add_efi_memmap	[EFI,X86,EARLY] Include EFI memory map in			kernel's map of available physical RAM. 	agp=		[AGP]			{ off | try_unsupported }			off: disable AGP support			try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets				(may crash computer or cause data corruption) 	ALSA		[HW,ALSA]			See Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst 	alignment=	[KNL,ARM]			Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler			behaviour to be specified.  Bit 0 enables warnings,			bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault. 	align_va_addr=	[X86-64]			Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when			allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option			gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h			machines (where it is enabled by default) for a			CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in			a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler. 			32: only for 32-bit processes			64: only for 64-bit processes			on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes			off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes 	alloc_snapshot	[FTRACE]			Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the			main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging			and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and			do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs			to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed. 	allow_mismatched_32bit_el0 [ARM64,EARLY]			Allow execve() of 32-bit applications and setting of the			PER_LINUX32 personality on systems where only a strict			subset of the CPUs support 32-bit EL0. When this			parameter is present, the set of CPUs supporting 32-bit			EL0 is indicated by /sys/devices/system/cpu/aarch32_el0			and hot-unplug operations may be restricted. 			See Documentation/arch/arm64/asymmetric-32bit.rst for more			information. 	amd_iommu=	[HW,X86-64]			Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.			Possible values are:			fullflush - Deprecated, equivalent to iommu.strict=1			off	  - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in				    the system			force_isolation - Force device isolation for all					  devices. The IOMMU driver is not					  allowed anymore to lift isolation					  requirements as needed. This option					  does not override iommu=pt			force_enable    - Force enable the IOMMU on platforms known				          to be buggy with IOMMU enabled. Use this				          option with care.			pgtbl_v1        - Use v1 page table for DMA-API (Default).			pgtbl_v2        - Use v2 page table for DMA-API.			irtcachedis     - Disable Interrupt Remapping Table (IRT) caching.			nohugepages     - Limit page-sizes used for v1 page-tables				          to 4 KiB.			v2_pgsizes_only - Limit page-sizes used for v1 page-tables				          to 4KiB/2Mib/1GiB.  	amd_iommu_dump=	[HW,X86-64]			Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table			for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU			driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during			IOMMU initialization. 	amd_iommu_intr=	[HW,X86-64]			Specifies one of the following AMD IOMMU interrupt			remapping modes:			legacy     - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode.			vapic      - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU			             to inject interrupts directly into guest.			             This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1.			             (Default when IOMMU HW support is present.) 	amd_pstate=	[X86,EARLY]			disable			  Do not enable amd_pstate as the default			  scaling driver for the supported processors			passive			  Use amd_pstate with passive mode as a scaling driver.			  In this mode autonomous selection is disabled.			  Driver requests a desired performance level and platform			  tries to match the same performance level if it is			  satisfied by guaranteed performance level.			active			  Use amd_pstate_epp driver instance as the scaling driver,			  driver provides a hint to the hardware if software wants			  to bias toward performance (0x0) or energy efficiency (0xff)			  to the CPPC firmware. then CPPC power algorithm will			  calculate the runtime workload and adjust the realtime cores			  frequency.			guided			  Activate guided autonomous mode. Driver requests minimum and			  maximum performance level and the platform autonomously			  selects a performance level in this range and appropriate			  to the current workload. 	amd_prefcore=			[X86]

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