/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1 OR MIT *//* * stdlib function definitions for NOLIBC * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> */ /* make sure to include all global symbols */#include "nolibc.h" #ifndef _NOLIBC_STDLIB_H#define _NOLIBC_STDLIB_H #include "std.h"#include "arch.h"#include "types.h"#include "sys.h"#include "string.h"#include <linux/auxvec.h> struct nolibc_heap { size_t len; char user_p[] __attribute__((__aligned__));}; /* Buffer used to store int-to-ASCII conversions. Will only be implemented if * any of the related functions is implemented. The area is large enough to * store "18446744073709551615" or "-9223372036854775808" and the final zero. */static __attribute__((unused)) char itoa_buffer[21]; /* * As much as possible, please keep functions alphabetically sorted. */ static __inline__int abs(int j){ return j >= 0 ? j : -j;} static __inline__long labs(long j){ return j >= 0 ? j : -j;} static __inline__long long llabs(long long j){ return j >= 0 ? j : -j;} /* must be exported, as it's used by libgcc for various divide functions */void abort(void);__attribute__((weak,unused,noreturn,section(".text.nolibc_abort")))void abort(void){ _sys_kill(_sys_getpid(), SIGABRT); for (;;);} static __attribute__((unused))long atol(const char *s){ unsigned long ret = 0; unsigned long d; int neg = 0; if (*s == '-') { neg = 1; s++; } while (1) { d = (*s++) - '0'; if (d > 9) break; ret *= 10; ret += d; } return neg ? -ret : ret;} static __attribute__((unused))int atoi(const char *s){ return atol(s);} static __attribute__((unused))void free(void *ptr){ struct nolibc_heap *heap; if (!ptr) return; heap = container_of(ptr, struct nolibc_heap, user_p); munmap(heap, heap->len);} #ifndef NOLIBC_NO_RUNTIME/* getenv() tries to find the environment variable named <name> in the * environment array pointed to by global variable "environ" which must be * declared as a char **, and must be terminated by a NULL (it is recommended * to set this variable to the "envp" argument of main()). If the requested * environment variable exists its value is returned otherwise NULL is * returned. */static __attribute__((unused))char *getenv(const char *name){ int idx, i; if (environ) { for (idx = 0; environ[idx]; idx++) { for (i = 0; name[i] && name[i] == environ[idx][i];) i++; if (!name[i] && environ[idx][i] == '=') return &environ[idx][i+1]; } } return NULL;}#endif /* NOLIBC_NO_RUNTIME */ static __attribute__((unused))void *malloc(size_t len){ struct nolibc_heap *heap; /* Always allocate memory with size multiple of 4096. */ len = sizeof(*heap) + len; len = (len + 4095UL) & -4096UL; heap = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); if (__builtin_expect(heap == MAP_FAILED, 0)) return NULL; heap->len = len; return heap->user_p;} static __attribute__((unused))void *calloc(size_t size, size_t nmemb){ size_t x; if (__builtin_expect(__builtin_mul_overflow(size, nmemb, &x), 0)) { SET_ERRNO(ENOMEM); return NULL; } /* * No need to zero the heap, the MAP_ANONYMOUS in malloc() * already does it. */ return malloc(x);} static __attribute__((unused))void *realloc(void *old_ptr, size_t new_size){ struct nolibc_heap *heap; size_t user_p_len; void *ret; if (!old_ptr) return malloc(new_size); heap = container_of(old_ptr, struct nolibc_heap, user_p); user_p_len = heap->len - sizeof(*heap); /* * Don't realloc() if @user_p_len >= @new_size, this block of * memory is still enough to handle the @new_size. Just return * the same pointer. */ if (user_p_len >= new_size) return old_ptr; ret = malloc(new_size); if (__builtin_expect(!ret, 0)) return NULL; memcpy(ret, heap->user_p, user_p_len); munmap(heap, heap->len); return ret;} /* Converts the unsigned 64bit integer <in> to base <base> ascii into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero. The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the number * of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. * The function uses 'multiply by reciprocal' for the divisions and * requires the caller pass the correct reciprocal. * * Note that unlike __div64_const32() in asm-generic/div64.h there isn't * an extra shift done (by ___p), the reciprocal has to be lower resulting * in a slightly low quotient. * Keep things simple by correcting for the error. * This also saves calculating the 'low * low' product (e2 below) which is * very unlikely to be significant. * * Some maths: * recip = p2 / base - e1; // With e1 < base. * q = (recip * in - e2) / p2; // With e2 < p2. * = base / in - (e1 * in + e2) / p2; * > base / in - (e1 * p2 + p2) / p2; * = base / in - ((e1 + 1) * p2) / p2; * > base / in - base; * So the maximum error is less than 'base'. * Hence the largest possible digit is '2 * base - 1'. * For base 10 e1 is 6 and you can get digits of 15 (eg from 2**64-1). * Error e1 is largest for a base that is a factor of 2**64+1, the smallest is 274177 * and converting 2**42-1 in base 274177 does generate a digit of 274177+274175. * This all means only a single correction is needed rather than a loop. * * __int128 isn't used for mips because gcc prior to 10.0 will call * __multi3 for MIPS64r6. The same also happens for SPARC and clang. */#define _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(base) ((base) & 1 ? ~0ull / (base) : (1ull << 63) / ((base) / 2))static __attribute__((unused, noinline))int _nolibc_u64toa_base(uint64_t in, char *buffer, unsigned int base, uint64_t recip){ unsigned int digits = 0; unsigned int dig; uint64_t q; char *p; /* Generate least significant digit first */ do {#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__mips__) && !defined(__sparc__) q = ((unsigned __int128)in * recip) >> 64;#else uint64_t p = (uint32_t)in * (recip >> 32); q = (in >> 32) * (recip >> 32) + (p >> 32); p = (uint32_t)p + (in >> 32) * (uint32_t)recip; q += p >> 32;#endif dig = in - q * base; /* Correct for any rounding errors */ if (dig >= base) { dig -= base; q++; } if (dig > 9) dig += 'a' - '0' - 10; buffer[digits++] = '0' + dig; } while ((in = q)); buffer[digits] = 0; /* Order reverse to result */ for (p = buffer + digits - 1; p > buffer; buffer++, p--) { dig = *buffer; *buffer = *p; *p = dig; } return digits;} /* Converts the unsigned long integer <in> to its hex representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (17 bytes for "ffffffffffffffff" or 9 for "ffffffff"). The * buffer is filled from the first byte, and the number of characters emitted * (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))int utoh_r(unsigned long in, char *buffer){ return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 16, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(16));} /* converts unsigned long <in> to an hex string using the static itoa_buffer * and returns the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *utoh(unsigned long in){ utoh_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* Converts the unsigned long integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for 18446744073709551615 in 64-bit, 11 for * 4294967295 in 32-bit). The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the * number of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))int utoa_r(unsigned long in, char *buffer){ return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 10, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(10));} /* Converts the signed long integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for -9223372036854775808 in 64-bit, 12 for * -2147483648 in 32-bit). The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the * number of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */static __attribute__((unused))int itoa_r(long in, char *buffer){ char *ptr = buffer; int len = 0; if (in < 0) { in = -(unsigned long)in; *(ptr++) = '-'; len++; } len += utoa_r(in, ptr); return len;} /* for historical compatibility, same as above but returns the pointer to the * buffer. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *ltoa_r(long in, char *buffer){ itoa_r(in, buffer); return buffer;} /* converts long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *itoa(long in){ itoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* converts long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. Same as above, for compatibility. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *ltoa(long in){ itoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* converts unsigned long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer * and returns the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *utoa(unsigned long in){ utoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* Converts the unsigned 64-bit integer <in> to its hex representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (17 bytes for "ffffffffffffffff"). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))int u64toh_r(uint64_t in, char *buffer){ return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 16, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(16));} /* converts uint64_t <in> to an hex string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *u64toh(uint64_t in){ u64toh_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* Converts the unsigned 64-bit integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for 18446744073709551615). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))int u64toa_r(uint64_t in, char *buffer){ return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 10, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(10));} /* Converts the signed 64-bit integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for -9223372036854775808). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */static __attribute__((unused))int i64toa_r(int64_t in, char *buffer){ char *ptr = buffer; int len = 0; if (in < 0) { in = -(uint64_t)in; *(ptr++) = '-'; len++; } len += u64toa_r(in, ptr); return len;} /* converts int64_t <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and returns * the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *i64toa(int64_t in){ i64toa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} /* converts uint64_t <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and returns * the pointer to that string. */static __inline__ __attribute__((unused))char *u64toa(uint64_t in){ u64toa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer;} static __attribute__((unused))uintmax_t __strtox(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base, intmax_t lower_limit, uintmax_t upper_limit){ const char signed_ = lower_limit != 0; unsigned char neg = 0, overflow = 0; uintmax_t val = 0, limit, old_val; char c; if (base < 0 || base > 36) { SET_ERRNO(EINVAL); goto out; } while (isspace(*nptr)) nptr++; if (*nptr == '+') { nptr++; } else if (*nptr == '-') { neg = 1; nptr++; } if (signed_ && neg) limit = -(uintmax_t)lower_limit; else limit = upper_limit; if ((base == 0 || base == 16) && (strncmp(nptr, "0x", 2) == 0 || strncmp(nptr, "0X", 2) == 0)) { base = 16; nptr += 2; } else if (base == 0 && strncmp(nptr, "0", 1) == 0) { base = 8; nptr += 1; } else if (base == 0) { base = 10; } while (*nptr) { c = *nptr; if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') c -= '0'; else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c = c - 'a' + 10; else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') c = c - 'A' + 10; else goto out; if (c >= base) goto out; nptr++; old_val = val; val *= base; val += c; if (val > limit || val < old_val) overflow = 1; } out: if (overflow) { SET_ERRNO(ERANGE); val = limit;Lines 1–500 of 543. 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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1 OR MIT */ /* * stdlib function definitions for NOLIBC * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> */ /* make sure to include all global symbols */ #include "nolibc.h" #ifndef _NOLIBC_STDLIB_H #define _NOLIBC_STDLIB_H #include "std.h" #include "arch.h" #include "types.h" #include "sys.h" #include "string.h" #include <linux/auxvec.h> struct nolibc_heap { size_t len; char user_p[] __attribute__((__aligned__)); }; /* Buffer used to store int-to-ASCII conversions. Will only be implemented if * any of the related functions is implemented. The area is large enough to * store "18446744073709551615" or "-9223372036854775808" and the final zero. */ static __attribute__((unused)) char itoa_buffer[21]; /* * As much as possible, please keep functions alphabetically sorted. */ static __inline__ int abs(int j) { return j >= 0 ? j : -j; } static __inline__ long labs(long j) { return j >= 0 ? j : -j; } static __inline__ long long llabs(long long j) { return j >= 0 ? j : -j; } /* must be exported, as it's used by libgcc for various divide functions */ void abort(void); __attribute__((weak,unused,noreturn,section(".text.nolibc_abort"))) void abort(void) { _sys_kill(_sys_getpid(), SIGABRT); for (;;); } static __attribute__((unused)) long atol(const char *s) { unsigned long ret = 0; unsigned long d; int neg = 0; if (*s == '-') { neg = 1; s++; } while (1) { d = (*s++) - '0'; if (d > 9) break; ret *= 10; ret += d; } return neg ? -ret : ret; } static __attribute__((unused)) int atoi(const char *s) { return atol(s); } static __attribute__((unused)) void free(void *ptr) { struct nolibc_heap *heap; if (!ptr) return; heap = container_of(ptr, struct nolibc_heap, user_p); munmap(heap, heap->len); } #ifndef NOLIBC_NO_RUNTIME /* getenv() tries to find the environment variable named <name> in the * environment array pointed to by global variable "environ" which must be * declared as a char **, and must be terminated by a NULL (it is recommended * to set this variable to the "envp" argument of main()). If the requested * environment variable exists its value is returned otherwise NULL is * returned. */ static __attribute__((unused)) char *getenv(const char *name) { int idx, i; if (environ) { for (idx = 0; environ[idx]; idx++) { for (i = 0; name[i] && name[i] == environ[idx][i];) i++; if (!name[i] && environ[idx][i] == '=') return &environ[idx][i+1]; } } return NULL; } #endif /* NOLIBC_NO_RUNTIME */ static __attribute__((unused)) void *malloc(size_t len) { struct nolibc_heap *heap; /* Always allocate memory with size multiple of 4096. */ len = sizeof(*heap) + len; len = (len + 4095UL) & -4096UL; heap = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); if (__builtin_expect(heap == MAP_FAILED, 0)) return NULL; heap->len = len; return heap->user_p; } static __attribute__((unused)) void *calloc(size_t size, size_t nmemb) { size_t x; if (__builtin_expect(__builtin_mul_overflow(size, nmemb, &x), 0)) { SET_ERRNO(ENOMEM); return NULL; } /* * No need to zero the heap, the MAP_ANONYMOUS in malloc() * already does it. */ return malloc(x); } static __attribute__((unused)) void *realloc(void *old_ptr, size_t new_size) { struct nolibc_heap *heap; size_t user_p_len; void *ret; if (!old_ptr) return malloc(new_size); heap = container_of(old_ptr, struct nolibc_heap, user_p); user_p_len = heap->len - sizeof(*heap); /* * Don't realloc() if @user_p_len >= @new_size, this block of * memory is still enough to handle the @new_size. Just return * the same pointer. */ if (user_p_len >= new_size) return old_ptr; ret = malloc(new_size); if (__builtin_expect(!ret, 0)) return NULL; memcpy(ret, heap->user_p, user_p_len); munmap(heap, heap->len); return ret; } /* Converts the unsigned 64bit integer <in> to base <base> ascii into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero. The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the number * of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. * The function uses 'multiply by reciprocal' for the divisions and * requires the caller pass the correct reciprocal. * * Note that unlike __div64_const32() in asm-generic/div64.h there isn't * an extra shift done (by ___p), the reciprocal has to be lower resulting * in a slightly low quotient. * Keep things simple by correcting for the error. * This also saves calculating the 'low * low' product (e2 below) which is * very unlikely to be significant. * * Some maths: * recip = p2 / base - e1; // With e1 < base. * q = (recip * in - e2) / p2; // With e2 < p2. * = base / in - (e1 * in + e2) / p2; * > base / in - (e1 * p2 + p2) / p2; * = base / in - ((e1 + 1) * p2) / p2; * > base / in - base; * So the maximum error is less than 'base'. * Hence the largest possible digit is '2 * base - 1'. * For base 10 e1 is 6 and you can get digits of 15 (eg from 2**64-1). * Error e1 is largest for a base that is a factor of 2**64+1, the smallest is 274177 * and converting 2**42-1 in base 274177 does generate a digit of 274177+274175. * This all means only a single correction is needed rather than a loop. * * __int128 isn't used for mips because gcc prior to 10.0 will call * __multi3 for MIPS64r6. The same also happens for SPARC and clang. */ #define _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(base) ((base) & 1 ? ~0ull / (base) : (1ull << 63) / ((base) / 2)) static __attribute__((unused, noinline)) int _nolibc_u64toa_base(uint64_t in, char *buffer, unsigned int base, uint64_t recip) { unsigned int digits = 0; unsigned int dig; uint64_t q; char *p; /* Generate least significant digit first */ do { #if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__mips__) && !defined(__sparc__) q = ((unsigned __int128)in * recip) >> 64; #else uint64_t p = (uint32_t)in * (recip >> 32); q = (in >> 32) * (recip >> 32) + (p >> 32); p = (uint32_t)p + (in >> 32) * (uint32_t)recip; q += p >> 32; #endif dig = in - q * base; /* Correct for any rounding errors */ if (dig >= base) { dig -= base; q++; } if (dig > 9) dig += 'a' - '0' - 10; buffer[digits++] = '0' + dig; } while ((in = q)); buffer[digits] = 0; /* Order reverse to result */ for (p = buffer + digits - 1; p > buffer; buffer++, p--) { dig = *buffer; *buffer = *p; *p = dig; } return digits; } /* Converts the unsigned long integer <in> to its hex representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (17 bytes for "ffffffffffffffff" or 9 for "ffffffff"). The * buffer is filled from the first byte, and the number of characters emitted * (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) int utoh_r(unsigned long in, char *buffer) { return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 16, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(16)); } /* converts unsigned long <in> to an hex string using the static itoa_buffer * and returns the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *utoh(unsigned long in) { utoh_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* Converts the unsigned long integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for 18446744073709551615 in 64-bit, 11 for * 4294967295 in 32-bit). The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the * number of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) int utoa_r(unsigned long in, char *buffer) { return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 10, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(10)); } /* Converts the signed long integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for -9223372036854775808 in 64-bit, 12 for * -2147483648 in 32-bit). The buffer is filled from the first byte, and the * number of characters emitted (not counting the trailing zero) is returned. */ static __attribute__((unused)) int itoa_r(long in, char *buffer) { char *ptr = buffer; int len = 0; if (in < 0) { in = -(unsigned long)in; *(ptr++) = '-'; len++; } len += utoa_r(in, ptr); return len; } /* for historical compatibility, same as above but returns the pointer to the * buffer. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *ltoa_r(long in, char *buffer) { itoa_r(in, buffer); return buffer; } /* converts long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *itoa(long in) { itoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* converts long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. Same as above, for compatibility. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *ltoa(long in) { itoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* converts unsigned long integer <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer * and returns the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *utoa(unsigned long in) { utoa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* Converts the unsigned 64-bit integer <in> to its hex representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (17 bytes for "ffffffffffffffff"). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) int u64toh_r(uint64_t in, char *buffer) { return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 16, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(16)); } /* converts uint64_t <in> to an hex string using the static itoa_buffer and * returns the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *u64toh(uint64_t in) { u64toh_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* Converts the unsigned 64-bit integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for 18446744073709551615). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) int u64toa_r(uint64_t in, char *buffer) { return _nolibc_u64toa_base(in, buffer, 10, _NOLIBC_U64TOA_RECIP(10)); } /* Converts the signed 64-bit integer <in> to its string representation into * buffer <buffer>, which must be long enough to store the number and the * trailing zero (21 bytes for -9223372036854775808). The buffer is filled from * the first byte, and the number of characters emitted (not counting the * trailing zero) is returned. */ static __attribute__((unused)) int i64toa_r(int64_t in, char *buffer) { char *ptr = buffer; int len = 0; if (in < 0) { in = -(uint64_t)in; *(ptr++) = '-'; len++; } len += u64toa_r(in, ptr); return len; } /* converts int64_t <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and returns * the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *i64toa(int64_t in) { i64toa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } /* converts uint64_t <in> to a string using the static itoa_buffer and returns * the pointer to that string. */ static __inline__ __attribute__((unused)) char *u64toa(uint64_t in) { u64toa_r(in, itoa_buffer); return itoa_buffer; } static __attribute__((unused)) uintmax_t __strtox(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base, intmax_t lower_limit, uintmax_t upper_limit) { const char signed_ = lower_limit != 0; unsigned char neg = 0, overflow = 0; uintmax_t val = 0, limit, old_val; char c; if (base < 0 || base > 36) { SET_ERRNO(EINVAL); goto out; } while (isspace(*nptr)) nptr++; if (*nptr == '+') { nptr++; } else if (*nptr == '-') { neg = 1; nptr++; } if (signed_ && neg) limit = -(uintmax_t)lower_limit; else limit = upper_limit; if ((base == 0 || base == 16) && (strncmp(nptr, "0x", 2) == 0 || strncmp(nptr, "0X", 2) == 0)) { base = 16; nptr += 2; } else if (base == 0 && strncmp(nptr, "0", 1) == 0) { base = 8; nptr += 1; } else if (base == 0) { base = 10; } while (*nptr) { c = *nptr; if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') c -= '0'; else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') c = c - 'a' + 10; else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') c = c - 'A' + 10; else goto out; if (c >= base) goto out; nptr++; old_val = val; val *= base; val += c; if (val > limit || val < old_val) overflow = 1; } out: if (overflow) { SET_ERRNO(ERANGE); val = limit;