menu "printk and dmesg options" config PRINTK_TIME bool "Show timing information on printks" depends on PRINTK help Selecting this option causes time stamps of the printk() messages to be added to the output of the syslog() system call and at the console. The timestamp is always recorded internally, and exported to /dev/kmsg. This flag just specifies if the timestamp should be included, not that the timestamp is recorded. The behavior is also controlled by the kernel command line parameter printk.time=1. See Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt config MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT int "Default message log level (1-7)" range 1 7 default "4" help Default log level for printk statements with no specified priority. This was hard-coded to KERN_WARNING since at least 2.6.10 but folks that are auditing their logs closely may want to set it to a lower priority. config BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY bool "Delay each boot printk message by N milliseconds" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && PRINTK && GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY help This build option allows you to read kernel boot messages by inserting a short delay after each one. The delay is specified in milliseconds on the kernel command line, using "boot_delay=N". It is likely that you would also need to use "lpj=M" to preset the "loops per jiffie" value. See a previous boot log for the "lpj" value to use for your system, and then set "lpj=M" before setting "boot_delay=N". NOTE: Using this option may adversely affect SMP systems. I.e., processors other than the first one may not boot up. BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY also may cause LOCKUP_DETECTOR to detect what it believes to be lockup conditions. config DYNAMIC_DEBUG bool "Enable dynamic printk() support" default n depends on PRINTK depends on DEBUG_FS help Compiles debug level messages into the kernel, which would not otherwise be available at runtime. These messages can then be enabled/disabled based on various levels of scope - per source file, function, module, format string, and line number. This mechanism implicitly compiles in all pr_debug() and dev_dbg() calls, which enlarges the kernel text size by about 2%. If a source file is compiled with DEBUG flag set, any pr_debug() calls in it are enabled by default, but can be disabled at runtime as below. Note that DEBUG flag is turned on by many CONFIG_*DEBUG* options. Usage: Dynamic debugging is controlled via the 'dynamic_debug/control' file, which is contained in the 'debugfs' filesystem. Thus, the debugfs filesystem must first be mounted before making use of this feature. We refer the control file as: <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control. This file contains a list of the debug statements that can be enabled. The format for each line of the file is: filename:lineno [module]function flags format filename : source file of the debug statement lineno : line number of the debug statement module : module that contains the debug statement function : function that contains the debug statement flags : '=p' means the line is turned 'on' for printing format : the format used for the debug statement From a live system: nullarbor:~ # cat <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control # filename:lineno [module]function flags format fs/aio.c:222 [aio]__put_ioctx =_ "__put_ioctx:\040freeing\040%p\012" fs/aio.c:248 [aio]ioctx_alloc =_ "ENOMEM:\040nr_events\040too\040high\012" fs/aio.c:1770 [aio]sys_io_cancel =_ "calling\040cancel\012" Example usage: // enable the message at line 1603 of file svcsock.c nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all the messages in file svcsock.c nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all the messages in the NFS server module nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'module nfsd +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all 12 messages in the function svc_process() nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // disable all 12 messages in the function svc_process() nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process -p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for additional information. endmenu # "printk and dmesg options" menu "Compile-time checks and compiler options" config DEBUG_INFO bool "Compile the kernel with debug info" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && !COMPILE_TEST help If you say Y here the resulting kernel image will include debugging info resulting in a larger kernel image. This adds debug symbols to the kernel and modules (gcc -g), and is needed if you intend to use kernel crashdump or binary object tools like crash, kgdb, LKCD, gdb, etc on the kernel. Say Y here only if you plan to debug the kernel. If unsure, say N. config DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED bool "Reduce debugging information" depends on DEBUG_INFO help If you say Y here gcc is instructed to generate less debugging information for structure types. This means that tools that need full debugging information (like kgdb or systemtap) won't be happy. But if you merely need debugging information to resolve line numbers there is no loss. Advantage is that build directory object sizes shrink dramatically over a full DEBUG_INFO build and compile times are reduced too. Only works with newer gcc versions. config DEBUG_INFO_SPLIT bool "Produce split debuginfo in .dwo files" depends on DEBUG_INFO help Generate debug info into separate .dwo files. This significantly reduces the build directory size for builds with DEBUG_INFO, because it stores the information only once on disk in .dwo files instead of multiple times in object files and executables. In addition the debug information is also compressed. Requires recent gcc (4.7+) and recent gdb/binutils. Any tool that packages or reads debug information would need to know about the .dwo files and include them. Incompatible with older versions of ccache. config DEBUG_INFO_DWARF4 bool "Generate dwarf4 debuginfo" depends on DEBUG_INFO help Generate dwarf4 debug info. This requires recent versions of gcc and gdb. It makes the debug information larger. But it significantly improves the success of resolving variables in gdb on optimized code. config ENABLE_WARN_DEPRECATED bool "Enable __deprecated logic" default y help Enable the __deprecated logic in the kernel build. Disable this to suppress the "warning: 'foo' is deprecated (declared at kernel/power/somefile.c:1234)" messages. config ENABLE_MUST_CHECK bool "Enable __must_check logic" default y help Enable the __must_check logic in the kernel build. Disable this to suppress the "warning: ignoring return value of 'foo', declared with attribute warn_unused_result" messages. config FRAME_WARN int "Warn for stack frames larger than (needs gcc 4.4)" range 0 8192 default 1024 if !64BIT default 2048 if 64BIT help Tell gcc to warn at build time for stack frames larger than this. Setting this too low will cause a lot of warnings. Setting it to 0 disables the warning. Requires gcc 4.4 config STRIP_ASM_SYMS bool "Strip assembler-generated symbols during link" default n help Strip internal assembler-generated symbols during a link (symbols that look like '.Lxxx') so they don't pollute the output of get_wchan() and suchlike. config READABLE_ASM bool "Generate readable assembler code" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help Disable some compiler optimizations that tend to generate human unreadable assembler output. This may make the kernel slightly slower, but it helps to keep kernel developers who have to stare a lot at assembler listings sane. config UNUSED_SYMBOLS bool "Enable unused/obsolete exported symbols" default y if X86 help Unused but exported symbols make the kernel needlessly bigger. For that reason most of these unused exports will soon be removed. This option is provided temporarily to provide a transition period in case some external kernel module needs one of these symbols anyway. If you encounter such a case in your module, consider if you are actually using the right API. (rationale: since nobody in the kernel is using this in a module, there is a pretty good chance it's actually the wrong interface to use). If you really need the symbol, please send a mail to the linux kernel mailing list mentioning the symbol and why you really need it, and what the merge plan to the mainline kernel for your module is. config PAGE_OWNER bool "Track page owner" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && STACKTRACE_SUPPORT select DEBUG_FS select STACKTRACE select PAGE_EXTENSION help This keeps track of what call chain is the owner of a page, may help to find bare alloc_page(s) leaks. Even if you include this feature on your build, it is disabled in default. You should pass "page_owner=on" to boot parameter in order to enable it. Eats a fair amount of memory if enabled. See tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c for user-space helper. If unsure, say N. config DEBUG_FS bool "Debug Filesystem" help debugfs is a virtual file system that kernel developers use to put debugging files into. Enable this option to be able to read and write to these files. For detailed documentation on the debugfs API, see Documentation/DocBook/filesystems. If unsure, say N. config HEADERS_CHECK bool "Run 'make headers_check' when building vmlinux" depends on !UML help This option will extract the user-visible kernel headers whenever building the kernel, and will run basic sanity checks on them to ensure that exported files do not attempt to include files which were not exported, etc. If you're making modifications to header files which are relevant for userspace, say 'Y', and check the headers exported to $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH) (usually 'usr/include' in your build tree), to make sure they're suitable. config DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH bool "Enable full Section mismatch analysis" help The section mismatch analysis checks if there are illegal references from one section to another section. During linktime or runtime, some sections are dropped; any use of code/data previously in these sections would most likely result in an oops. In the code, functions and variables are annotated with __init,, etc. (see the full list in include/linux/init.h), which results in the code/data being placed in specific sections. The section mismatch analysis is always performed after a full kernel build, and enabling this option causes the following additional steps to occur: - Add the option -fno-inline-functions-called-once to gcc commands. When inlining a function annotated with __init in a non-init function, we would lose the section information and thus the analysis would not catch the illegal reference. This option tells gcc to inline less (but it does result in a larger kernel). - Run the section mismatch analysis for each module/built-in.o file. When we run the section mismatch analysis on vmlinux.o, we lose valueble information about where the mismatch was introduced. Running the analysis for each module/built-in.o file tells where the mismatch happens much closer to the source. The drawback is that the same mismatch is reported at least twice. - Enable verbose reporting from modpost in order to help resolve the section mismatches that are reported. ## Select this config option from the architecture Kconfig, if it# is preferred to always offer frame pointers as a config# option on the architecture (regardless of KERNEL_DEBUG):#config ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS bool help config FRAME_POINTER bool "Compile the kernel with frame pointers" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && \ (CRIS || M68K || FRV || UML || \ AVR32 || SUPERH || BLACKFIN || MN10300 || METAG) || \ ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS default y if (DEBUG_INFO && UML) || ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS help If you say Y here the resulting kernel image will be slightly larger and slower, but it gives very useful debugging information in case of kernel bugs. (precise oopses/stacktraces/warnings) config DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU bool "Force weak per-cpu definitions" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help s390 and alpha require percpu variables in modules to be defined weak to work around addressing range issue which puts the following two restrictions on percpu variable definitions. 1. percpu symbols must be unique whether static or not 2. percpu variables can't be defined inside a function To ensure that generic code follows the above rules, this option forces all percpu variables to be defined as weak. endmenu # "Compiler options" config MAGIC_SYSRQ bool "Magic SysRq key" depends on !UML help If you say Y here, you will have some control over the system even if the system crashes for example during kernel debugging (e.g., you will be able to flush the buffer cache to disk, reboot the system immediately or dump some status information). This is accomplished by pressing various keys while holding SysRq (Alt+PrintScreen). It also works on a serial console (on PC hardware at least), if you send a BREAK and then within 5 seconds a command keypress. The keys are documented in <file:Documentation/sysrq.txt>. Don't say Y unless you really know what this hack does. config MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE hex "Enable magic SysRq key functions by default" depends on MAGIC_SYSRQ default 0x1 help Specifies which SysRq key functions are enabled by default. This may be set to 1 or 0 to enable or disable them all, or to a bitmask as described in Documentation/sysrq.txt. config DEBUG_KERNEL bool "Kernel debugging" help Say Y here if you are developing drivers or trying to debug and identify kernel problems. menu "Memory Debugging" source mm/Kconfig.debug config DEBUG_OBJECTS bool "Debug object operations" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the kernel to track the life time of various objects and validate the operations on those objects. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_SELFTEST bool "Debug objects selftest" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help This enables the selftest of the object debug code. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE bool "Debug objects in freed memory" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help This enables checks whether a k/v free operation frees an area which contains an object which has not been deactivated properly. This can make kmalloc/kfree-intensive workloads much slower. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_TIMERS bool "Debug timer objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the timer routines to track the life time of timer objects and validate the timer operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_WORK bool "Debug work objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the work queue routines to track the life time of work objects and validate the work operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD bool "Debug RCU callbacks objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help Enable this to turn on debugging of RCU list heads (call_rcu() usage). config DEBUG_OBJECTS_PERCPU_COUNTER bool "Debug percpu counter objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the percpu counter routines to track the life time of percpu counter objects and validate the percpu counter operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_ENABLE_DEFAULT int "debug_objects bootup default value (0-1)" range 0 1 default "1" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help Debug objects boot parameter default value config DEBUG_SLAB bool "Debug slab memory allocations" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && SLAB && !KMEMCHECK help Say Y here to have the kernel do limited verification on memory allocation as well as poisoning memory on free to catch use of freed memory. This can make kmalloc/kfree-intensive workloads much slower. config DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK bool "Memory leak debugging" depends on DEBUG_SLAB config SLUB_DEBUG_ON bool "SLUB debugging on by default" depends on SLUB && SLUB_DEBUG && !KMEMCHECK default n help Boot with debugging on by default. SLUB boots by default with the runtime debug capabilities switched off. Enabling this is equivalent to specifying the "slub_debug" parameter on boot. There is no support for more fine grained debug control like possible with slub_debug=xxx. SLUB debugging may be switched off in a kernel built with CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON by specifying "slub_debug=-". config SLUB_STATS default n bool "Enable SLUB performance statistics" depends on SLUB && SYSFS help SLUB statistics are useful to debug SLUBs allocation behavior in order find ways to optimize the allocator. This should never be enabled for production use since keeping statistics slows down the allocator by a few percentage points. The slabinfo command supports the determination of the most active slabs to figure out which slabs are relevant to a particular load. Try running: slabinfo -DA config HAVE_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK bool config DEBUG_KMEMLEAK bool "Kernel memory leak detector" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && HAVE_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK select DEBUG_FS select STACKTRACE if STACKTRACE_SUPPORT select KALLSYMS select CRC32 help Say Y here if you want to enable the memory leak detector. The memory allocation/freeing is traced in a way similar to the Boehm's conservative garbage collector, the difference being that the orphan objects are not freed but only shown in /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. Enabling this feature will introduce an overhead to memory allocations. See Documentation/kmemleak.txt for more details. Enabling DEBUG_SLAB or SLUB_DEBUG may increase the chances of finding leaks due to the slab objects poisoning. In order to access the kmemleak file, debugfs needs to be mounted (usually at /sys/kernel/debug). config DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_EARLY_LOG_SIZE int "Maximum kmemleak early log entries"Lines 1–500 of 1721. Load more
menu "printk and dmesg options" config PRINTK_TIME bool "Show timing information on printks" depends on PRINTK help Selecting this option causes time stamps of the printk() messages to be added to the output of the syslog() system call and at the console. The timestamp is always recorded internally, and exported to /dev/kmsg. This flag just specifies if the timestamp should be included, not that the timestamp is recorded. The behavior is also controlled by the kernel command line parameter printk.time=1. See Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt config MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT int "Default message log level (1-7)" range 1 7 default "4" help Default log level for printk statements with no specified priority. This was hard-coded to KERN_WARNING since at least 2.6.10 but folks that are auditing their logs closely may want to set it to a lower priority. config BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY bool "Delay each boot printk message by N milliseconds" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && PRINTK && GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY help This build option allows you to read kernel boot messages by inserting a short delay after each one. The delay is specified in milliseconds on the kernel command line, using "boot_delay=N". It is likely that you would also need to use "lpj=M" to preset the "loops per jiffie" value. See a previous boot log for the "lpj" value to use for your system, and then set "lpj=M" before setting "boot_delay=N". NOTE: Using this option may adversely affect SMP systems. I.e., processors other than the first one may not boot up. BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY also may cause LOCKUP_DETECTOR to detect what it believes to be lockup conditions. config DYNAMIC_DEBUG bool "Enable dynamic printk() support" default n depends on PRINTK depends on DEBUG_FS help Compiles debug level messages into the kernel, which would not otherwise be available at runtime. These messages can then be enabled/disabled based on various levels of scope - per source file, function, module, format string, and line number. This mechanism implicitly compiles in all pr_debug() and dev_dbg() calls, which enlarges the kernel text size by about 2%. If a source file is compiled with DEBUG flag set, any pr_debug() calls in it are enabled by default, but can be disabled at runtime as below. Note that DEBUG flag is turned on by many CONFIG_*DEBUG* options. Usage: Dynamic debugging is controlled via the 'dynamic_debug/control' file, which is contained in the 'debugfs' filesystem. Thus, the debugfs filesystem must first be mounted before making use of this feature. We refer the control file as: <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control. This file contains a list of the debug statements that can be enabled. The format for each line of the file is: filename:lineno [module]function flags format filename : source file of the debug statement lineno : line number of the debug statement module : module that contains the debug statement function : function that contains the debug statement flags : '=p' means the line is turned 'on' for printing format : the format used for the debug statement From a live system: nullarbor:~ # cat <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control # filename:lineno [module]function flags format fs/aio.c:222 [aio]__put_ioctx =_ "__put_ioctx:\040freeing\040%p\012" fs/aio.c:248 [aio]ioctx_alloc =_ "ENOMEM:\040nr_events\040too\040high\012" fs/aio.c:1770 [aio]sys_io_cancel =_ "calling\040cancel\012" Example usage: // enable the message at line 1603 of file svcsock.c nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all the messages in file svcsock.c nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all the messages in the NFS server module nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'module nfsd +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // enable all 12 messages in the function svc_process() nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process +p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control // disable all 12 messages in the function svc_process() nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process -p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for additional information. endmenu # "printk and dmesg options" menu "Compile-time checks and compiler options" config DEBUG_INFO bool "Compile the kernel with debug info" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && !COMPILE_TEST help If you say Y here the resulting kernel image will include debugging info resulting in a larger kernel image. This adds debug symbols to the kernel and modules (gcc -g), and is needed if you intend to use kernel crashdump or binary object tools like crash, kgdb, LKCD, gdb, etc on the kernel. Say Y here only if you plan to debug the kernel. If unsure, say N. config DEBUG_INFO_REDUCED bool "Reduce debugging information" depends on DEBUG_INFO help If you say Y here gcc is instructed to generate less debugging information for structure types. This means that tools that need full debugging information (like kgdb or systemtap) won't be happy. But if you merely need debugging information to resolve line numbers there is no loss. Advantage is that build directory object sizes shrink dramatically over a full DEBUG_INFO build and compile times are reduced too. Only works with newer gcc versions. config DEBUG_INFO_SPLIT bool "Produce split debuginfo in .dwo files" depends on DEBUG_INFO help Generate debug info into separate .dwo files. This significantly reduces the build directory size for builds with DEBUG_INFO, because it stores the information only once on disk in .dwo files instead of multiple times in object files and executables. In addition the debug information is also compressed. Requires recent gcc (4.7+) and recent gdb/binutils. Any tool that packages or reads debug information would need to know about the .dwo files and include them. Incompatible with older versions of ccache. config DEBUG_INFO_DWARF4 bool "Generate dwarf4 debuginfo" depends on DEBUG_INFO help Generate dwarf4 debug info. This requires recent versions of gcc and gdb. It makes the debug information larger. But it significantly improves the success of resolving variables in gdb on optimized code. config ENABLE_WARN_DEPRECATED bool "Enable __deprecated logic" default y help Enable the __deprecated logic in the kernel build. Disable this to suppress the "warning: 'foo' is deprecated (declared at kernel/power/somefile.c:1234)" messages. config ENABLE_MUST_CHECK bool "Enable __must_check logic" default y help Enable the __must_check logic in the kernel build. Disable this to suppress the "warning: ignoring return value of 'foo', declared with attribute warn_unused_result" messages. config FRAME_WARN int "Warn for stack frames larger than (needs gcc 4.4)" range 0 8192 default 1024 if !64BIT default 2048 if 64BIT help Tell gcc to warn at build time for stack frames larger than this. Setting this too low will cause a lot of warnings. Setting it to 0 disables the warning. Requires gcc 4.4 config STRIP_ASM_SYMS bool "Strip assembler-generated symbols during link" default n help Strip internal assembler-generated symbols during a link (symbols that look like '.Lxxx') so they don't pollute the output of get_wchan() and suchlike. config READABLE_ASM bool "Generate readable assembler code" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help Disable some compiler optimizations that tend to generate human unreadable assembler output. This may make the kernel slightly slower, but it helps to keep kernel developers who have to stare a lot at assembler listings sane. config UNUSED_SYMBOLS bool "Enable unused/obsolete exported symbols" default y if X86 help Unused but exported symbols make the kernel needlessly bigger. For that reason most of these unused exports will soon be removed. This option is provided temporarily to provide a transition period in case some external kernel module needs one of these symbols anyway. If you encounter such a case in your module, consider if you are actually using the right API. (rationale: since nobody in the kernel is using this in a module, there is a pretty good chance it's actually the wrong interface to use). If you really need the symbol, please send a mail to the linux kernel mailing list mentioning the symbol and why you really need it, and what the merge plan to the mainline kernel for your module is. config PAGE_OWNER bool "Track page owner" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && STACKTRACE_SUPPORT select DEBUG_FS select STACKTRACE select PAGE_EXTENSION help This keeps track of what call chain is the owner of a page, may help to find bare alloc_page(s) leaks. Even if you include this feature on your build, it is disabled in default. You should pass "page_owner=on" to boot parameter in order to enable it. Eats a fair amount of memory if enabled. See tools/vm/page_owner_sort.c for user-space helper. If unsure, say N. config DEBUG_FS bool "Debug Filesystem" help debugfs is a virtual file system that kernel developers use to put debugging files into. Enable this option to be able to read and write to these files. For detailed documentation on the debugfs API, see Documentation/DocBook/filesystems. If unsure, say N. config HEADERS_CHECK bool "Run 'make headers_check' when building vmlinux" depends on !UML help This option will extract the user-visible kernel headers whenever building the kernel, and will run basic sanity checks on them to ensure that exported files do not attempt to include files which were not exported, etc. If you're making modifications to header files which are relevant for userspace, say 'Y', and check the headers exported to $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH) (usually 'usr/include' in your build tree), to make sure they're suitable. config DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH bool "Enable full Section mismatch analysis" help The section mismatch analysis checks if there are illegal references from one section to another section. During linktime or runtime, some sections are dropped; any use of code/data previously in these sections would most likely result in an oops. In the code, functions and variables are annotated with __init,, etc. (see the full list in include/linux/init.h), which results in the code/data being placed in specific sections. The section mismatch analysis is always performed after a full kernel build, and enabling this option causes the following additional steps to occur: - Add the option -fno-inline-functions-called-once to gcc commands. When inlining a function annotated with __init in a non-init function, we would lose the section information and thus the analysis would not catch the illegal reference. This option tells gcc to inline less (but it does result in a larger kernel). - Run the section mismatch analysis for each module/built-in.o file. When we run the section mismatch analysis on vmlinux.o, we lose valueble information about where the mismatch was introduced. Running the analysis for each module/built-in.o file tells where the mismatch happens much closer to the source. The drawback is that the same mismatch is reported at least twice. - Enable verbose reporting from modpost in order to help resolve the section mismatches that are reported. # # Select this config option from the architecture Kconfig, if it # is preferred to always offer frame pointers as a config # option on the architecture (regardless of KERNEL_DEBUG): # config ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS bool help config FRAME_POINTER bool "Compile the kernel with frame pointers" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && \ (CRIS || M68K || FRV || UML || \ AVR32 || SUPERH || BLACKFIN || MN10300 || METAG) || \ ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS default y if (DEBUG_INFO && UML) || ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS help If you say Y here the resulting kernel image will be slightly larger and slower, but it gives very useful debugging information in case of kernel bugs. (precise oopses/stacktraces/warnings) config DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU bool "Force weak per-cpu definitions" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help s390 and alpha require percpu variables in modules to be defined weak to work around addressing range issue which puts the following two restrictions on percpu variable definitions. 1. percpu symbols must be unique whether static or not 2. percpu variables can't be defined inside a function To ensure that generic code follows the above rules, this option forces all percpu variables to be defined as weak. endmenu # "Compiler options" config MAGIC_SYSRQ bool "Magic SysRq key" depends on !UML help If you say Y here, you will have some control over the system even if the system crashes for example during kernel debugging (e.g., you will be able to flush the buffer cache to disk, reboot the system immediately or dump some status information). This is accomplished by pressing various keys while holding SysRq (Alt+PrintScreen). It also works on a serial console (on PC hardware at least), if you send a BREAK and then within 5 seconds a command keypress. The keys are documented in <file:Documentation/sysrq.txt>. Don't say Y unless you really know what this hack does. config MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE hex "Enable magic SysRq key functions by default" depends on MAGIC_SYSRQ default 0x1 help Specifies which SysRq key functions are enabled by default. This may be set to 1 or 0 to enable or disable them all, or to a bitmask as described in Documentation/sysrq.txt. config DEBUG_KERNEL bool "Kernel debugging" help Say Y here if you are developing drivers or trying to debug and identify kernel problems. menu "Memory Debugging" source mm/Kconfig.debug config DEBUG_OBJECTS bool "Debug object operations" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the kernel to track the life time of various objects and validate the operations on those objects. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_SELFTEST bool "Debug objects selftest" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help This enables the selftest of the object debug code. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE bool "Debug objects in freed memory" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help This enables checks whether a k/v free operation frees an area which contains an object which has not been deactivated properly. This can make kmalloc/kfree-intensive workloads much slower. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_TIMERS bool "Debug timer objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the timer routines to track the life time of timer objects and validate the timer operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_WORK bool "Debug work objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the work queue routines to track the life time of work objects and validate the work operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD bool "Debug RCU callbacks objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help Enable this to turn on debugging of RCU list heads (call_rcu() usage). config DEBUG_OBJECTS_PERCPU_COUNTER bool "Debug percpu counter objects" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help If you say Y here, additional code will be inserted into the percpu counter routines to track the life time of percpu counter objects and validate the percpu counter operations. config DEBUG_OBJECTS_ENABLE_DEFAULT int "debug_objects bootup default value (0-1)" range 0 1 default "1" depends on DEBUG_OBJECTS help Debug objects boot parameter default value config DEBUG_SLAB bool "Debug slab memory allocations" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && SLAB && !KMEMCHECK help Say Y here to have the kernel do limited verification on memory allocation as well as poisoning memory on free to catch use of freed memory. This can make kmalloc/kfree-intensive workloads much slower. config DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK bool "Memory leak debugging" depends on DEBUG_SLAB config SLUB_DEBUG_ON bool "SLUB debugging on by default" depends on SLUB && SLUB_DEBUG && !KMEMCHECK default n help Boot with debugging on by default. SLUB boots by default with the runtime debug capabilities switched off. Enabling this is equivalent to specifying the "slub_debug" parameter on boot. There is no support for more fine grained debug control like possible with slub_debug=xxx. SLUB debugging may be switched off in a kernel built with CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON by specifying "slub_debug=-". config SLUB_STATS default n bool "Enable SLUB performance statistics" depends on SLUB && SYSFS help SLUB statistics are useful to debug SLUBs allocation behavior in order find ways to optimize the allocator. This should never be enabled for production use since keeping statistics slows down the allocator by a few percentage points. The slabinfo command supports the determination of the most active slabs to figure out which slabs are relevant to a particular load. Try running: slabinfo -DA config HAVE_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK bool config DEBUG_KMEMLEAK bool "Kernel memory leak detector" depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && HAVE_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK select DEBUG_FS select STACKTRACE if STACKTRACE_SUPPORT select KALLSYMS select CRC32 help Say Y here if you want to enable the memory leak detector. The memory allocation/freeing is traced in a way similar to the Boehm's conservative garbage collector, the difference being that the orphan objects are not freed but only shown in /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. Enabling this feature will introduce an overhead to memory allocations. See Documentation/kmemleak.txt for more details. Enabling DEBUG_SLAB or SLUB_DEBUG may increase the chances of finding leaks due to the slab objects poisoning. In order to access the kmemleak file, debugfs needs to be mounted (usually at /sys/kernel/debug). config DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_EARLY_LOG_SIZE int "Maximum kmemleak early log entries"