#include <lib9.h> /* *  floppy types (all MFM encoding) */typedef struct Type	Type;struct Type{	char	*name;	int	bytes;		/* bytes/sector */	int	sectors;	/* sectors/track */	int	heads;		/* number of heads */	int	tracks;		/* tracks/disk */	int	media;		/* media descriptor byte */	int	cluster;	/* default cluster size */};Type floppytype[] ={ { "3½HD",	512, 18, 2, 80,	0xf0, 1, }, { "3½DD",	512,  9, 2, 80,	0xf9, 2, }, { "5¼HD",	512, 15, 2, 80,	0xf9, 1, }, { "5¼DD",	512,  9, 2, 40,	0xfd, 2, },};#define NTYPES (sizeof(floppytype)/sizeof(Type)) typedef struct Dosboot	Dosboot;struct Dosboot{	uchar	magic[3];	/* really an xx86 JMP instruction */	uchar	version[8];	uchar	sectsize[2];	uchar	clustsize;	uchar	nresrv[2];	uchar	nfats;	uchar	rootsize[2];	uchar	volsize[2];	uchar	mediadesc;	uchar	fatsize[2];	uchar	trksize[2];	uchar	nheads[2];	uchar	nhidden[4];	uchar	bigvolsize[4];	uchar	driveno;	uchar	reserved0;	uchar	bootsig;	uchar	volid[4];	uchar	label[11];	uchar	type[8];};#define	PUTSHORT(p, v) { (p)[1] = (v)>>8; (p)[0] = (v); }#define	PUTLONG(p, v) { PUTSHORT((p), (v)); PUTSHORT((p)+2, (v)>>16); } typedef struct Dosdir	Dosdir;struct Dosdir{	uchar	name[8];	uchar	ext[3];	uchar	attr;	uchar	reserved[10];	uchar	time[2];	uchar	date[2];	uchar	start[2];	uchar	length[4];}; #define	DRONLY	0x01#define	DHIDDEN	0x02#define	DSYSTEM	0x04#define	DVLABEL	0x08#define	DDIR	0x10#define	DARCH	0x20 /* *  the boot program for the boot sector. */uchar bootprog[512];uchar bootprog1[16] ={	0xEB, 0x3C, 0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,};uchar bootprog2[128] ={	0xFA, 0xFC, 0x8C, 0xC8, 0x8E, 0xD8, 0x8E, 0xD0,	0xBC, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xBE, 0x77, 0x7C, 0xE8, 0x19,	0x00, 0x33, 0xC0, 0xCD, 0x16, 0xBB, 0x40, 0x00,	0x8E, 0xC3, 0xBB, 0x72, 0x00, 0xB8, 0x34, 0x12,	0x26, 0x89, 0x07, 0xEA, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF,	0xEB, 0xD6, 0xAC, 0x0A, 0xC0, 0x74, 0x09, 0xB4,	0x0E, 0xBB, 0x07, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x10, 0xEB, 0xF2,	0xC3,  'N',  'o',  't',  ' ',  'a',  ' ',  'b',	 'o',  'o',  't',  'a',  'b',  'l',  'e',  ' ',	 'd',  'i',  's',  'c',  ' ',  'o',  'r',  ' ',	 'd',  'i',  's',  'c',  ' ',  'e',  'r',  'r',	 'o',  'r', '\r', '\n',  'P',  'r',  'e',  's',	 's',  ' ',  'a',  'l',  'm',  'o',  's',  't',	 ' ',  'a',  'n',  'y',  ' ',  'k',  'e',  'y',	 ' ',  't',  'o',  ' ',  'r',  'e',  'b',  'o',	 'o',  't',  '.',  '.',  '.', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,};uchar bootprog3[16] ={	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0xAA,}; static voidmkbootprog(void){	int i; 	for (i = 0; i < 512; i++)		bootprog[i] = 0;	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)		bootprog[i+0x000] = bootprog1[i];	for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)		bootprog[i+0x03E] = bootprog2[i];	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)		bootprog[i+0x1F0] = bootprog3[i];} char *dev;int clustersize;uchar *fat;	/* the fat */int fatbits;int fatsecs;int fatlast;	/* last cluster allocated */int clusters;int fatsecs;int volsecs;uchar *root;	/* first block of root */int rootsecs;int rootfiles;int rootnext;Type *t;int fflag;char file[64];	/* output file name */char *bootfile;char *type; enum{	Sof = 1,	/* start of file */	Eof = 2,	/* end of file */};  void	dosfs(int, char*, int, char*[]);ulong	clustalloc(int);void	addrname(uchar*, Dir*, ulong, char *); int initfflag(void);Tm *getlocaltime(void);int openfloppy(char *); voidusage(void){	fprint(2, "usage: format [-b bfile] [-c csize] [-df] [-l label] [-t type] file [args ...]\n");	exits("usage");} voidfatal(char *fmt, ...){	char err[128];	va_list arg; 	va_start(arg, fmt);	vseprint(err, err+sizeof(err), fmt, arg);	va_end(arg);	fprint(2, "format: %s\n", err);	if(fflag && file[0])		remove(file);	exits(err);} voidmain(int argc, char **argv){	int n, dos;	int cfd;	char buf[512];	char label[11];	char *a; 	fflag = initfflag();	mkbootprog();	dos = 0;	type = 0;	clustersize = 0;	memmove(label, "CYLINDRICAL", sizeof(label));	ARGBEGIN {	case 'b':		bootfile = ARGF();		break;	case 'd':		dos = 1;		break;	case 'c':		clustersize = atoi(ARGF());		break;	case 'f':		fflag = 1;		break;	case 'l':		a = ARGF();		n = strlen(a);		if(n > sizeof(label))			n = sizeof(label);		memmove(label, a, n);		while(n < sizeof(label))			label[n++] = ' ';		break;	case 't':		type = ARGF();		break;	default:		usage();	} ARGEND 	if(argc < 1)		usage(); 	dev = argv[0];	cfd = -1;	if(fflag == 0){		n = strlen(argv[0]);		if(n > 4 && strcmp(argv[0]+n-4, "disk") == 0)			*(argv[0]+n-4) = 0;		else if(n > 3 && strcmp(argv[0]+n-3, "ctl") == 0)			*(argv[0]+n-3) = 0; 		sprint(buf, "%sctl", dev);		cfd = open(buf, ORDWR);		if(cfd < 0)			fatal("opening %s: %r", buf);		print("Formatting floppy %s\n", dev);		if(type)			sprint(buf, "format %s", type);		else			strcpy(buf, "format");		if(write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0)			fatal("formatting tracks: %r");	} 	if(dos)		dosfs(cfd, label, argc-1, argv+1);	if(cfd >= 0)		close(cfd);	exits(0);} voiddosfs(int cfd, char *label, int argc, char *argv[]){	char r[16];	Dosboot *b;	uchar *buf;	Dir *d;	int n, fd, sysfd;	ulong length, x;	uchar *p; 	print("Initialising MS-DOS file system\n"); 	if(fflag){		sprint(file, "%s", dev);		if ((fd = openfloppy(dev)) < 0)			fatal("create %s: %r", file);		t = floppytype;		if(type){			for(t = floppytype; t < &floppytype[NTYPES]; t++)				if(strcmp(type, t->name) == 0)					break;			if(t == &floppytype[NTYPES])				fatal("unknown floppy type %s", type);		}		length = t->bytes*t->sectors*t->heads*t->tracks;	}	else{		sprint(file, "%sdisk", dev);		fd = open(file, ORDWR);		if(fd < 0)			fatal("open %s: %r", file);		d = dirfstat(fd);		if(d == nil)			fatal("stat %s: %r", file);		length = d->length;		free(d);			t = 0;		seek(cfd, 0, 0);		n = read(cfd, file, sizeof(file)-1);		if(n < 0)			fatal("reading floppy type");		else {			file[n] = 0;			for(t = floppytype; t < &floppytype[NTYPES]; t++)				if(strcmp(file, t->name) == 0)					break;			if(t == &floppytype[NTYPES])				fatal("unknown floppy type %s", file);		}	}	print("floppy type %s, %d tracks, %d heads, %d sectors/track, %d bytes/sec\n",		t->name, t->tracks, t->heads, t->sectors, t->bytes); 	if(clustersize == 0)		clustersize = t->cluster;	clusters = length/(t->bytes*clustersize);	if(clusters < 4087)		fatbits = 12;	else		fatbits = 16;	volsecs = length/t->bytes;	fatsecs = (fatbits*clusters + 8*t->bytes - 1)/(8*t->bytes);	rootsecs = volsecs/200;	rootfiles = rootsecs * (t->bytes/sizeof(Dosdir));	buf = malloc(t->bytes);	if(buf == 0)		fatal("out of memory"); 	/*	 *  write bootstrap & parameter block	 */	if(bootfile){		if((sysfd = open(bootfile, OREAD)) < 0)			fatal("open %s: %r", bootfile);		if(read(sysfd, buf, t->bytes) < 0)			fatal("read %s: %r", bootfile);		close(sysfd);	}	else		memmove(buf, bootprog, sizeof(bootprog));	b = (Dosboot*)buf;	b->magic[0] = 0xEB;	b->magic[1] = 0x3C;	b->magic[2] = 0x90;	memmove(b->version, "Plan9.00", sizeof(b->version));	PUTSHORT(b->sectsize, t->bytes);	b->clustsize = clustersize;	PUTSHORT(b->nresrv, 1);	b->nfats = 2;	PUTSHORT(b->rootsize, rootfiles);	if(volsecs < (1<<16)){		PUTSHORT(b->volsize, volsecs);	}	PUTLONG(b->bigvolsize, volsecs);	b->mediadesc = t->media;	PUTSHORT(b->fatsize, fatsecs);	PUTSHORT(b->trksize, t->sectors);	PUTSHORT(b->nheads, t->heads);	PUTLONG(b->nhidden, 0);	b->driveno = 0;	b->bootsig = 0x29;	x = time(0);	PUTLONG(b->volid, x);	memmove(b->label, label, sizeof(b->label));	sprint(r, "FAT%d    ", fatbits);	memmove(b->type, r, sizeof(b->type));	buf[t->bytes-2] = 0x55;	buf[t->bytes-1] = 0xAA;	if(seek(fd, 0, 0) < 0)		fatal("seek to boot sector: %r\n");	if(write(fd, buf, t->bytes) != t->bytes)		fatal("writing boot sector: %r");	free(buf); 	/*	 *  allocate an in memory fat	 */	fat = malloc(fatsecs*t->bytes);	if(fat == 0)		fatal("out of memory");	memset(fat, 0, fatsecs*t->bytes);	fat[0] = t->media;	fat[1] = 0xff;	fat[2] = 0xff;	if(fatbits == 16)		fat[3] = 0xff;	fatlast = 1;	if (seek(fd, 2*fatsecs*t->bytes, 1) < 0)		fatal("seek to 2 fats: %r");	/* 2 fats */ 	/*	 *  allocate an in memory root	 */	root = malloc(rootsecs*t->bytes);	if(root == 0)		fatal("out of memory");	memset(root, 0, rootsecs*t->bytes);	if (seek(fd, rootsecs*t->bytes, 1) < 0)		fatal("seek to root: %r");		/* rootsecs */ 	/*	 * Now positioned at the Files Area.	 * If we have any arguments, process 	 * them and write out.	 */	for(p = root; argc > 0; argc--, argv++, p += sizeof(Dosdir)){		if(p >= (root+(rootsecs*t->bytes)))			fatal("too many files in root");		/*		 * Open the file and get its length.		 */		if((sysfd = open(*argv, OREAD)) < 0)			fatal("open %s: %r", *argv);		d = dirfstat(sysfd);		if(d == nil)			fatal("stat %s: %r", *argv);		print("Adding file %s, length %lld\n", *argv, d->length); 		length = d->length;		if(length){			/*			 * Allocate a buffer to read the entire file into.			 * This must be rounded up to a cluster boundary.			 *			 * Read the file and write it out to the Files Area.			 */			length += t->bytes*clustersize - 1;			length /= t->bytes*clustersize;			length *= t->bytes*clustersize;			if((buf = malloc(length)) == 0)				fatal("out of memory");				if(read(sysfd, buf, d->length) < 0)				fatal("read %s: %r", *argv);			memset(buf+d->length, 0, length-d->length);			/* if(write(fd, buf, length) < 0) */			if (write(fd, buf, length) != length)				fatal("write %s: %r", *argv);			free(buf); 			close(sysfd);				/*			 * Allocate the FAT clusters.			 * We're assuming here that where we			 * wrote the file is in sync with			 * the cluster allocation.			 * Save the starting cluster.			 */			length /= t->bytes*clustersize;			x = clustalloc(Sof);			for(n = 0; n < length-1; n++)				clustalloc(0);			clustalloc(Eof);		}		else			x = 0; 		/*		 * Add the filename to the root.		 */		addrname(p, d, x, *argv);		free(d);	} 	/*	 *  write the fats and root	 */	if (seek(fd, t->bytes, 0) < 0)		fatal("seek to fat1: %r");	/* if(write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */	if (write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) != fatsecs*t->bytes)		fatal("writing fat #1: %r");	/* if(write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */	if (write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) != fatsecs*t->bytes)		fatal("writing fat #2: %r");	/* if(write(fd, root, rootsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */	if (write(fd, root, rootsecs*t->bytes) != rootsecs*t->bytes)		fatal("writing root: %r"); 	if(fflag){		if (seek(fd, t->bytes*t->sectors*t->heads*t->tracks-1, 0) < 0)			/* fatal("seek to 9: %r") */ {}		if (write(fd, "9", 1) != 1)			/* fatal("writing 9: %r") */ {}	}} /* *  allocate a cluster */ulongclustalloc(int flag){	ulong o, x; 	if(flag != Sof){		x = (flag == Eof) ? 0xffff : (fatlast+1);		if(fatbits == 12){			x &= 0xfff;			o = (3*fatlast)/2;			if(fatlast & 1){				fat[o] = (fat[o]&0x0f) | (x<<4);				fat[o+1] = (x>>4);			} else {				fat[o] = x;

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