acpi=		[HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64]			Advanced Configuration and Power Interface			Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt |				  copy_dsdt }			force -- enable ACPI if default was off			on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64]			off -- disable ACPI if default was on			noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing			strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not				strictly ACPI specification compliant.			rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT			copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory			For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force"			are available 			See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi 	acpi_apic_instance=	[ACPI, IOAPIC]			Format: <int>			2: use 2nd APIC table, if available			1,0: use 1st APIC table			default: 0 	acpi_backlight=	[HW,ACPI]			acpi_backlight=vendor			acpi_backlight=video			If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver			(e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead			of the ACPI video.ko driver. 	acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr			force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the			64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64			bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use			the older legacy 32 bit addresses. 	acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI]			Disable AML predefined validation mechanism			This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make			the return objects more ACPI specification compliant.			This option is useful for developers to identify the			root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue			has something to do with the repair mechanism. 	acpi.debug_layer=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]	acpi.debug_level=	[HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]			Format: <int>			CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI			debug output.  Bits in debug_layer correspond to a			_COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,			    #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT			Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in			ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,			    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...			The debug_level mask defaults to "info".  See			Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about			debug layers and levels. 			Enable processor driver info messages:			    acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000			Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:			    acpi.debug_layer=0x400000			Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug			object while interpreting AML:			    acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2			Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:			    acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff 			Some values produce so much output that the system is			unusable.  The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful			if you need to capture more output. 	acpi_enforce_resources=	[ACPI]			{ strict | lax | no }			Check for resource conflicts between native drivers			and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory			only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be			used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and			can interfere with legacy drivers.			strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI			is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved			resources will fail to bind to device using them.			lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;			legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources			will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.			no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,			no further checks are performed. 	acpi_force_table_verification	[HW,ACPI]			Enable table checksum verification during early stage.			By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping			size limitation. 	acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]			ACPI will balance active IRQs			default in APIC mode 	acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]			ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)			default in PIC mode 	acpi_irq_isa=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA			Format: <irq>,<irq>... 	acpi_irq_pci=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for			use by PCI			Format: <irq>,<irq>... 	acpi_mask_gpe=  [HW,ACPI]			Due to the existence of _Lxx/_Exx, some GPEs triggered			by unsupported hardware/firmware features can result in                        GPE floodings that cannot be automatically disabled by                        the GPE dispatcher.			This facility can be used to prevent such uncontrolled			GPE floodings.			Format: <int>			Support masking of GPEs numbered from 0x00 to 0x7f. 	acpi_no_auto_serialize	[HW,ACPI]			Disable auto-serialization of AML methods			AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create			named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the			auto-serialization feature.			This feature is enabled by default.			This option allows to turn off the feature. 	acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug.  Useful for kdump			   kernels. 	acpi_no_static_ssdt	[HW,ACPI]			Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time			By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be			installed automatically and they will appear under			/sys/firmware/acpi/tables.			This option turns off this feature.			Note that specifying this option does not affect			dynamic table installation which will install SSDT			tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic. 	acpi_rsdp=	[ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]			Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used			on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the			second kernel for kdump. 	acpi_os_name=	[HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS			Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows" 	acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead			of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI			specification revision (when using this switch, it may			be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a			row to make it take effect on the platform firmware). 	acpi_osi=	[HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings			acpi_osi="string1"	# add string1			acpi_osi="!string2"	# remove string2			acpi_osi=!*		# remove all strings			acpi_osi=!		# disable all built-in OS vendor						  strings			acpi_osi=!!		# enable all built-in OS vendor						  strings			acpi_osi=		# disable all strings 			'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or			multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS			vendor string(s).  Note that such command can only			affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus			it cannot affect the default state of the feature group			strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,			specifying it multiple times through kernel command line			is meaningless.  This command is useful when one do not			care about the state of the feature group strings which			should be controlled by the OSPM.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent			     to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all			     can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. 			'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other			'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not			exist in the ACPI namespace.  NOTE that such command can			only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it			multiple times through kernel command line is also			meaningless.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'			     FALSE. 			'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or			multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific			string(s).  Note that such command can affect the			current state of both the OS vendor strings and the			feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times			through kernel command line is meaningful.  But it may			still not able to affect the final state of a string if			there are quirks related to this string.  This command			is useful when one want to control the state of the			feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to			the OSPM features.			Examples:			  1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make			     '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.			  2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make			     '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.			  3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is			     equivalent to			     'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'			     and			     'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',			     they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE. 	acpi_pm_good	[X86]			Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel			to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value			and always returns good values. 	acpi_sci=	[HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode			Format: { level | edge | high | low } 	acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]			Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.			For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer. 	acpi_sleep=	[HW,ACPI] Sleep options			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,				  old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }			See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on			s3_bios and s3_mode.			s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep			as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.			s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being			used during resume from hibernation.			old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS			control method, with respect to putting devices into			low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering			of _PTS is used by default).			nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the			ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.			sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly			on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,			but some broken systems don't work without it). 	acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]			Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards			that require a timer override, but don't have HPET 	add_efi_memmap	[EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in			kernel's map of available physical RAM. 	agp=		[AGP]			{ off | try_unsupported }			off: disable AGP support			try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets				(may crash computer or cause data corruption) 	ALSA		[HW,ALSA]			See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt 	alignment=	[KNL,ARM]			Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler			behaviour to be specified.  Bit 0 enables warnings,			bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault. 	align_va_addr=	[X86-64]			Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when			allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option			gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h			machines (where it is enabled by default) for a			CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in			a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler. 			32: only for 32-bit processes			64: only for 64-bit processes			on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes			off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes 	alloc_snapshot	[FTRACE]			Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the			main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging			and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and			do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs			to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed. 	amd_iommu=	[HW,X86-64]			Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.			Possible values are:			fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when				    they are unmapped. Otherwise they are				    flushed before they will be reused, which				    is a lot of faster			off	  - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in				    the system			force_isolation - Force device isolation for all					  devices. The IOMMU driver is not					  allowed anymore to lift isolation					  requirements as needed. This option					  does not override iommu=pt 	amd_iommu_dump=	[HW,X86-64]			Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table			for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU			driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during			IOMMU initialization. 	amd_iommu_intr=	[HW,X86-64]			Specifies one of the following AMD IOMMU interrupt			remapping modes:			legacy     - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode.			vapic      - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU			             to inject interrupts directly into guest.			             This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1.			             (Default when IOMMU HW support is present.) 	amijoy.map=	[HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support			Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT			Format: <a>,<b>			See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt 	analog.map=	[HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support			Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick			connected to one of 16 gameports			Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16> 	apc=		[HW,SPARC]			Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)			Format: noidle			Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does			not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have			APC and your system crashes randomly. 	apic=		[APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller			Change the output verbosity whilst booting			Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }			Change the amount of debugging information output			when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components. 	apic_extnmi=	[APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting			Format: { bsp (default) | all | none }			bsp:  External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0			all:  External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a			      backup of CPU 0			none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is			      useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be			      shot down by NMI 	autoconf=	[IPV6]			See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt. 	show_lapic=	[APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller			Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal			number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible			to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.			Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.			The parameter valid if only apic=debug or			apic=verbose is specified.			Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all 	apm=		[APM] Advanced Power Management			See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c. 	arcrimi=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards			Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID> 	ataflop=	[HW,M68k] 	atarimouse=	[HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse 	atkbd.extra=	[HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,			EzKey and similar keyboards 	atkbd.reset=	[HW] Reset keyboard during initialization 	atkbd.set=	[HW] Select keyboard code set			Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2) 	atkbd.scroll=	[HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar			keyboards 	atkbd.softraw=	[HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode			Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default)) 	atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]			Use software keyboard repeat 	audit=		[KNL] Enable the audit sub-system			Format: { "0" | "1" } (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)			0 - kernel audit is disabled and can not be enabled			    until the next reboot			unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and			    will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd.			1 - kernel audit is initialized and partially enabled,			    storing at most audit_backlog_limit messages in			    RAM until it is fully enabled by the userspace			    auditd.			Default: unset 	audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit.			Format: <int> (must be >=0)			Default: 64 	bau=		[X86_UV] Enable the BAU on SGI UV.  The default			behavior is to disable the BAU (i.e. bau=0).			Format: { "0" | "1" }			0 - Disable the BAU.			1 - Enable the BAU.			unset - Disable the BAU. 	baycom_epp=	[HW,AX25]			Format: <io>,<mode> 	baycom_par=	[HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem			Format: <io>,<mode>			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c. 	baycom_ser_fdx=	[HW,AX25]			BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c. 	baycom_ser_hdx=	[HW,AX25]			BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c. 	blkdevparts=	Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for			embedded devices based on command line input.			See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt 	boot_delay=	Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.			Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to			no delay (0).			Format: integer 	bootmem_debug	[KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages. 	bert_disable	[ACPI]			Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes. 	bttv.card=	[HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)	bttv.radio=	Most important insmod options are available as			kernel args too.	bttv.pll=	See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options	bttv.tuner= 	bulk_remove=off	[PPC]  This parameter disables the use of the pSeries			firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries			at a time. 	c101=		[NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card 	cachesize=	[BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.			Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache			size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds			to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not			possible to determine what the correct size should be.			This option provides an override for these situations. 	ca_keys=	[KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on			the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate			trust validation.			format: { id:<keyid> | builtin } 	cca=		[MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency			algorithm.  Accepted values range from 0 to 7			inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h			for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and			others). 	ccw_timeout_log [S390]			See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. 	cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller			Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}			The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are:			- foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in			  a single hierarchy			- foo isn't visible as an individually mountable			  subsystem			{Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and			cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So			only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy} 	cgroup_no_v1=	[KNL] Disable one, multiple, all cgroup controllers in v1			Format: { controller[,controller...] | "all" }			Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1;			the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2. 	cgroup.memory=	[KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller.			Format: <string>			nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting.			nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting. 	checkreqprot	[SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.			Format: { "0" | "1" }			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.			0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes				any implied execute protection).			1 -- check protection requested by application.			Default value is set via a kernel config option.			Value can be changed at runtime via

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