"""Internationalization and localization support. This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N)support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettextmessage catalog library. I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiplelanguages.  L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, onceinternationalized, to the local language and cultural habits. """ # This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and# suggestions from the following people:## Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying# C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal# gettext.py implementation.## Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule,# which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if# intlmodule wasn't available.## James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some# interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of# a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via# a Python API.## Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code,# and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards.## Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this# module.## J. David Ibanez implemented plural forms. Bruno Haible fixed some bugs.## TODO:# - Lazy loading of .mo files.  Currently the entire catalog is loaded into#   memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs.  Instead,#   the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited#   to do binary searches and lazy initializations.  Or you might want to use#   the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but#   you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this.## - Support Solaris .mo file formats.  Unfortunately, we've been unable to#   find this format documented anywhere.  import locale, copy, os, re, struct, sysfrom errno import ENOENT  __all__ = ['NullTranslations', 'GNUTranslations', 'Catalog',           'find', 'translation', 'install', 'textdomain', 'bindtextdomain',           'dgettext', 'dngettext', 'gettext', 'ngettext',           ] _default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale')  def test(condition, true, false):    """    Implements the C expression:       condition ? true : false     Required to correctly interpret plural forms.    """    if condition:        return true    else:        return false  def c2py(plural):    """Gets a C expression as used in PO files for plural forms and returns a    Python lambda function that implements an equivalent expression.    """    # Security check, allow only the "n" identifier    try:        from cStringIO import StringIO    except ImportError:        from StringIO import StringIO    import token, tokenize    tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(StringIO(plural).readline)    try:        danger = [x for x in tokens if x[0] == token.NAME and x[1] != 'n']    except tokenize.TokenError:        raise ValueError, \              'plural forms expression error, maybe unbalanced parenthesis'    else:        if danger:            raise ValueError, 'plural forms expression could be dangerous'     # Replace some C operators by their Python equivalents    plural = plural.replace('&&', ' and ')    plural = plural.replace('||', ' or ')     expr = re.compile(r'\!([^=])')    plural = expr.sub(' not \\1', plural)     # Regular expression and replacement function used to transform    # "a?b:c" to "test(a,b,c)".    expr = re.compile(r'(.*?)\?(.*?):(.*)')    def repl(x):        return "test(%s, %s, %s)" % (x.group(1), x.group(2),                                     expr.sub(repl, x.group(3)))     # Code to transform the plural expression, taking care of parentheses    stack = ['']    for c in plural:        if c == '(':            stack.append('')        elif c == ')':            if len(stack) == 1:                # Actually, we never reach this code, because unbalanced                # parentheses get caught in the security check at the                # beginning.                raise ValueError, 'unbalanced parenthesis in plural form'            s = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())            stack[-1] += '(%s)' % s        else:            stack[-1] += c    plural = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())     return eval('lambda n: int(%s)' % plural)   def _expand_lang(locale):    from locale import normalize    locale = normalize(locale)    COMPONENT_CODESET   = 1 << 0    COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1    COMPONENT_MODIFIER  = 1 << 2    # split up the locale into its base components    mask = 0    pos = locale.find('@')    if pos >= 0:        modifier = locale[pos:]        locale = locale[:pos]        mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER    else:        modifier = ''    pos = locale.find('.')    if pos >= 0:        codeset = locale[pos:]        locale = locale[:pos]        mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET    else:        codeset = ''    pos = locale.find('_')    if pos >= 0:        territory = locale[pos:]        locale = locale[:pos]        mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY    else:        territory = ''    language = locale    ret = []    for i in range(mask+1):        if not (i & ~mask):  # if all components for this combo exist ...            val = language            if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory            if i & COMPONENT_CODESET:   val += codeset            if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER:  val += modifier            ret.append(val)    ret.reverse()    return ret   class NullTranslations:    def __init__(self, fp=None):        self._info = {}        self._charset = None        self._output_charset = None        self._fallback = None        if fp is not None:            self._parse(fp)     def _parse(self, fp):        pass     def add_fallback(self, fallback):        if self._fallback:            self._fallback.add_fallback(fallback)        else:            self._fallback = fallback     def gettext(self, message):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.gettext(message)        return message     def lgettext(self, message):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.lgettext(message)        return message     def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)        if n == 1:            return msgid1        else:            return msgid2     def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)        if n == 1:            return msgid1        else:            return msgid2     def ugettext(self, message):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.ugettext(message)        return unicode(message)     def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        if self._fallback:            return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)        if n == 1:            return unicode(msgid1)        else:            return unicode(msgid2)     def info(self):        return self._info     def charset(self):        return self._charset     def output_charset(self):        return self._output_charset     def set_output_charset(self, charset):        self._output_charset = charset     def install(self, unicode=False, names=None):        import __builtin__        __builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext        if hasattr(names, "__contains__"):            if "gettext" in names:                __builtin__.__dict__['gettext'] = __builtin__.__dict__['_']            if "ngettext" in names:                __builtin__.__dict__['ngettext'] = (unicode and self.ungettext                                                             or self.ngettext)            if "lgettext" in names:                __builtin__.__dict__['lgettext'] = self.lgettext            if "lngettext" in names:                __builtin__.__dict__['lngettext'] = self.lngettext  class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):    # Magic number of .mo files    LE_MAGIC = 0x950412deL    BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495L     def _parse(self, fp):        """Override this method to support alternative .mo formats."""        unpack = struct.unpack        filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '')        # Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32        # bit words.        self._catalog = catalog = {}        self.plural = lambda n: int(n != 1) # germanic plural by default        buf = fp.read()        buflen = len(buf)        # Are we big endian or little endian?        magic = unpack('<I', buf[:4])[0]        if magic == self.LE_MAGIC:            version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('<4I', buf[4:20])            ii = '<II'        elif magic == self.BE_MAGIC:            version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('>4I', buf[4:20])            ii = '>II'        else:            raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename)        # Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog        # dictionary.        for i in xrange(0, msgcount):            mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8])            mend = moff + mlen            tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8])            tend = toff + tlen            if mend < buflen and tend < buflen:                msg = buf[moff:mend]                tmsg = buf[toff:tend]            else:                raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename)            # See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata            if mlen == 0:                # Catalog description                lastk = k = None                for item in tmsg.splitlines():                    item = item.strip()                    if not item:                        continue                    if ':' in item:                        k, v = item.split(':', 1)                        k = k.strip().lower()                        v = v.strip()                        self._info[k] = v                        lastk = k                    elif lastk:                        self._info[lastk] += '\n' + item                    if k == 'content-type':                        self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1]                    elif k == 'plural-forms':                        v = v.split(';')                        plural = v[1].split('plural=')[1]                        self.plural = c2py(plural)            # Note: we unconditionally convert both msgids and msgstrs to            # Unicode using the character encoding specified in the charset            # parameter of the Content-Type header.  The gettext documentation            # strongly encourages msgids to be us-ascii, but some appliations            # require alternative encodings (e.g. Zope's ZCML and ZPT).  For            # traditional gettext applications, the msgid conversion will            # cause no problems since us-ascii should always be a subset of            # the charset encoding.  We may want to fall back to 8-bit msgids            # if the Unicode conversion fails.            if '\x00' in msg:                # Plural forms                msgid1, msgid2 = msg.split('\x00')                tmsg = tmsg.split('\x00')                if self._charset:                    msgid1 = unicode(msgid1, self._charset)                    tmsg = [unicode(x, self._charset) for x in tmsg]                for i in range(len(tmsg)):                    catalog[(msgid1, i)] = tmsg[i]            else:                if self._charset:                    msg = unicode(msg, self._charset)                    tmsg = unicode(tmsg, self._charset)                catalog[msg] = tmsg            # advance to next entry in the seek tables            masteridx += 8            transidx += 8     def gettext(self, message):        missing = object()        tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)        if tmsg is missing:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.gettext(message)            return message        # Encode the Unicode tmsg back to an 8-bit string, if possible        if self._output_charset:            return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)        elif self._charset:            return tmsg.encode(self._charset)        return tmsg     def lgettext(self, message):        missing = object()        tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)        if tmsg is missing:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.lgettext(message)            return message        if self._output_charset:            return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)        return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())     def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        try:            tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]            if self._output_charset:                return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)            elif self._charset:                return tmsg.encode(self._charset)            return tmsg        except KeyError:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)            if n == 1:                return msgid1            else:                return msgid2     def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        try:            tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]            if self._output_charset:                return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)            return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())        except KeyError:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)            if n == 1:                return msgid1            else:                return msgid2     def ugettext(self, message):        missing = object()        tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)        if tmsg is missing:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.ugettext(message)            return unicode(message)        return tmsg     def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):        try:            tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]        except KeyError:            if self._fallback:                return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)            if n == 1:                tmsg = unicode(msgid1)            else:                tmsg = unicode(msgid2)        return tmsg  # Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategydef find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=0):    # Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied    if localedir is None:        localedir = _default_localedir    if languages is None:        languages = []        for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):            val = os.environ.get(envar)            if val:                languages = val.split(':')                break        if 'C' not in languages:            languages.append('C')    # now normalize and expand the languages    nelangs = []    for lang in languages:        for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):            if nelang not in nelangs:                nelangs.append(nelang)    # select a language    if all:        result = []    else:        result = None    for lang in nelangs:        if lang == 'C':            break        mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)        if os.path.exists(mofile):            if all:                result.append(mofile)            else:                return mofile    return result   # a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object_translations = {} def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,                class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None):    if class_ is None:        class_ = GNUTranslations    mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=1)    if not mofiles:        if fallback:            return NullTranslations()        raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)    # TBD: do we need to worry about the file pointer getting collected?    # Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done    # once.    result = None    for mofile in mofiles:        key = os.path.abspath(mofile)        t = _translations.get(key)        if t is None:            t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(open(mofile, 'rb')))        # Copy the translation object to allow setting fallbacks and        # output charset. All other instance data is shared with the        # cached object.        t = copy.copy(t)        if codeset:            t.set_output_charset(codeset)        if result is None:            result = t        else:            result.add_fallback(t)    return result  def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=False, codeset=None, names=None):    t = translation(domain, localedir, fallback=True, codeset=codeset)    t.install(unicode, names)   # a mapping b/w domains and locale directories_localedirs = {}# a mapping b/w domains and codesets

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