# Module 'ntpath' -- common operations on WinNT/Win95 pathnames"""Common pathname manipulations, WindowsNT/95 version. Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to thismodule as os.path.""" import osimport statimport sys __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext",           "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",           "getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",           "ismount","walk","expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",           "splitunc","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep",           "extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames"] # strings representing various path-related bits and piecescurdir = '.'pardir = '..'extsep = '.'sep = '\\'pathsep = ';'altsep = '/'defpath = '.;C:\\bin'if 'ce' in sys.builtin_module_names:    defpath = '\\Windows'elif 'os2' in sys.builtin_module_names:    # OS/2 w/ VACPP    altsep = '/'devnull = 'nul' # Normalize the case of a pathname and map slashes to backslashes.# Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not done# (this is done by normpath). def normcase(s):    """Normalize case of pathname.     Makes all characters lowercase and all slashes into backslashes."""    return s.replace("/", "\\").lower()  # Return whether a path is absolute.# Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS.# For DOS it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current# volume), or if a pathname after the volume letter and colon / UNC resource# starts with a slash or backslash. def isabs(s):    """Test whether a path is absolute"""    s = splitdrive(s)[1]    return s != '' and s[:1] in '/\\'  # Join two (or more) paths. def join(a, *p):    """Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\\" as needed"""    path = a    for b in p:        b_wins = 0  # set to 1 iff b makes path irrelevant        if path == "":            b_wins = 1         elif isabs(b):            # This probably wipes out path so far.  However, it's more            # complicated if path begins with a drive letter:            #     1. join('c:', '/a') == 'c:/a'            #     2. join('c:/', '/a') == 'c:/a'            # But            #     3. join('c:/a', '/b') == '/b'            #     4. join('c:', 'd:/') = 'd:/'            #     5. join('c:/', 'd:/') = 'd:/'            if path[1:2] != ":" or b[1:2] == ":":                # Path doesn't start with a drive letter, or cases 4 and 5.                b_wins = 1             # Else path has a drive letter, and b doesn't but is absolute.            elif len(path) > 3 or (len(path) == 3 and                                   path[-1] not in "/\\"):                # case 3                b_wins = 1         if b_wins:            path = b        else:            # Join, and ensure there's a separator.            assert len(path) > 0            if path[-1] in "/\\":                if b and b[0] in "/\\":                    path += b[1:]                else:                    path += b            elif path[-1] == ":":                path += b            elif b:                if b[0] in "/\\":                    path += b                else:                    path += "\\" + b            else:                # path is not empty and does not end with a backslash,                # but b is empty; since, e.g., split('a/') produces                # ('a', ''), it's best if join() adds a backslash in                # this case.                path += '\\'     return path  # Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a# colon) and the path specification.# It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == pdef splitdrive(p):    """Split a pathname into drive and path specifiers. Returns a 2-tuple"(drive,path)";  either part may be empty"""    if p[1:2] == ':':        return p[0:2], p[2:]    return '', p  # Parse UNC pathsdef splitunc(p):    """Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers.     Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty.    If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar    using backslashes).  unc+rest is always the input path.    Paths containing drive letters never have an UNC part.    """    if p[1:2] == ':':        return '', p # Drive letter present    firstTwo = p[0:2]    if firstTwo == '//' or firstTwo == '\\\\':        # is a UNC path:        # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv equivalent to drive letter        # \\machine\mountpoint\directories...        #           directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^        normp = normcase(p)        index = normp.find('\\', 2)        if index == -1:            ##raise RuntimeError, 'illegal UNC path: "' + p + '"'            return ("", p)        index = normp.find('\\', index + 1)        if index == -1:            index = len(p)        return p[:index], p[index:]    return '', p  # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the# rest).  After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant# join(head, tail) == p holds.# The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root. def split(p):    """Split a pathname.     Return tuple (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final slash.    Either part may be empty."""     d, p = splitdrive(p)    # set i to index beyond p's last slash    i = len(p)    while i and p[i-1] not in '/\\':        i = i - 1    head, tail = p[:i], p[i:]  # now tail has no slashes    # remove trailing slashes from head, unless it's all slashes    head2 = head    while head2 and head2[-1] in '/\\':        head2 = head2[:-1]    head = head2 or head    return d + head, tail  # Split a path in root and extension.# The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last# pathname component; the root is everything before that.# It is always true that root + ext == p. def splitext(p):    """Split the extension from a pathname.     Extension is everything from the last dot to the end.    Return (root, ext), either part may be empty."""     i = p.rfind('.')    if i<=max(p.rfind('/'), p.rfind('\\')):        return p, ''    else:        return p[:i], p[i:]  # Return the tail (basename) part of a path. def basename(p):    """Returns the final component of a pathname"""    return split(p)[1]  # Return the head (dirname) part of a path. def dirname(p):    """Returns the directory component of a pathname"""    return split(p)[0]  # Return the longest prefix of all list elements. def commonprefix(m):    "Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component"    if not m: return ''    s1 = min(m)    s2 = max(m)    n = min(len(s1), len(s2))    for i in xrange(n):        if s1[i] != s2[i]:            return s1[:i]    return s1[:n]  # Get size, mtime, atime of files. def getsize(filename):    """Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat()"""    return os.stat(filename).st_size def getmtime(filename):    """Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat()"""    return os.stat(filename).st_mtime def getatime(filename):    """Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat()"""    return os.stat(filename).st_atime def getctime(filename):    """Return the creation time of a file, reported by os.stat()."""    return os.stat(filename).st_ctime # Is a path a symbolic link?# This will always return false on systems where posix.lstat doesn't exist. def islink(path):    """Test for symbolic link.  On WindowsNT/95 always returns false"""    return False  # Does a path exist? def exists(path):    """Test whether a path exists"""    try:        st = os.stat(path)    except os.error:        return False    return True lexists = exists  # Is a path a dos directory?# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true# for the same path. def isdir(path):    """Test whether a path is a directory"""    try:        st = os.stat(path)    except os.error:        return False    return stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)  # Is a path a regular file?# This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true# for the same path. def isfile(path):    """Test whether a path is a regular file"""    try:        st = os.stat(path)    except os.error:        return False    return stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode)  # Is a path a mount point?  Either a root (with or without drive letter)# or an UNC path with at most a / or \ after the mount point. def ismount(path):    """Test whether a path is a mount point (defined as root of drive)"""    unc, rest = splitunc(path)    if unc:        return rest in ("", "/", "\\")    p = splitdrive(path)[1]    return len(p) == 1 and p[0] in '/\\'  # Directory tree walk.# For each directory under top (including top itself, but excluding# '.' and '..'), func(arg, dirname, filenames) is called, where# dirname is the name of the directory and filenames is the list# of files (and subdirectories etc.) in the directory.# The func may modify the filenames list, to implement a filter,# or to impose a different order of visiting. def walk(top, func, arg):    """Directory tree walk with callback function.     For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top    itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).    dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of    the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..').  func    may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),    and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in    fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific    order of visiting.  No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,    beyond that arg is always passed to func.  It can be used, e.g., to pass    a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate    statistics.  Passing None for arg is common."""     try:        names = os.listdir(top)    except os.error:        return    func(arg, top, names)    exceptions = ('.', '..')    for name in names:        if name not in exceptions:            name = join(top, name)            if isdir(name):                walk(name, func, arg)  # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.# '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.# If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,# the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever# function is called with the expanded path as argument).# See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames.# (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment# variable expansion.) def expanduser(path):    """Expand ~ and ~user constructs.     If user or $HOME is unknown, do nothing."""    if path[:1] != '~':        return path    i, n = 1, len(path)    while i < n and path[i] not in '/\\':        i = i + 1    if i == 1:        if 'HOME' in os.environ:            userhome = os.environ['HOME']        elif not 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ:            return path        else:            try:                drive = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE']            except KeyError:                drive = ''            userhome = join(drive, os.environ['HOMEPATH'])    else:        return path    return userhome + path[i:]  # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions.# The following rules apply:#       - no expansion within single quotes#       - no escape character, except for '$$' which is translated into '$'#       - ${varname} is accepted.#       - varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the character '_'# XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name,# XXX except '^|<>='. def expandvars(path):    """Expand shell variables of form $var and ${var}.     Unknown variables are left unchanged."""    if '$' not in path:        return path    import string    varchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-'    res = ''    index = 0    pathlen = len(path)    while index < pathlen:        c = path[index]        if c == '\'':   # no expansion within single quotes            path = path[index + 1:]            pathlen = len(path)            try:                index = path.index('\'')                res = res + '\'' + path[:index + 1]            except ValueError:                res = res + path                index = pathlen - 1        elif c == '$':  # variable or '$$'            if path[index + 1:index + 2] == '$':                res = res + c                index = index + 1            elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == '{':                path = path[index+2:]                pathlen = len(path)                try:                    index = path.index('}')                    var = path[:index]                    if var in os.environ:                        res = res + os.environ[var]                except ValueError:                    res = res + path                    index = pathlen - 1            else:                var = ''                index = index + 1                c = path[index:index + 1]                while c != '' and c in varchars:                    var = var + c                    index = index + 1                    c = path[index:index + 1]                if var in os.environ:                    res = res + os.environ[var]                if c != '':                    res = res + c        else:            res = res + c        index = index + 1    return res  # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A\B.# Previously, this function also truncated pathnames to 8+3 format,# but as this module is called "ntpath", that's obviously wrong! def normpath(path):    """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc."""    path = path.replace("/", "\\")    prefix, path = splitdrive(path)    # We need to be careful here. If the prefix is empty, and the path starts    # with a backslash, it could either be an absolute path on the current    # drive (\dir1\dir2\file) or a UNC filename (\\server\mount\dir1\file). It    # is therefore imperative NOT to collapse multiple backslashes blindly in    # that case.    # The code below preserves multiple backslashes when there is no drive    # letter. This means that the invalid filename \\\a\b is preserved    # unchanged, where a\\\b is normalised to a\b. It's not clear that there    # is any better behaviour for such edge cases.    if prefix == '':        # No drive letter - preserve initial backslashes        while path[:1] == "\\":            prefix = prefix + "\\"            path = path[1:]    else:        # We have a drive letter - collapse initial backslashes        if path.startswith("\\"):            prefix = prefix + "\\"            path = path.lstrip("\\")    comps = path.split("\\")    i = 0    while i < len(comps):        if comps[i] in ('.', ''):            del comps[i]        elif comps[i] == '..':            if i > 0 and comps[i-1] != '..':                del comps[i-1:i+1]                i -= 1            elif i == 0 and prefix.endswith("\\"):                del comps[i]            else:                i += 1        else:            i += 1    # If the path is now empty, substitute '.'    if not prefix and not comps:        comps.append('.')    return prefix + "\\".join(comps)  # Return an absolute path.try:    from nt import _getfullpathname except ImportError: # not running on Windows - mock up something sensible    def abspath(path):        """Return the absolute version of a path."""        if not isabs(path):            path = join(os.getcwd(), path)        return normpath(path) else:  # use native Windows method on Windows    def abspath(path):        """Return the absolute version of a path."""         if path: # Empty path must return current working directory.            try:                path = _getfullpathname(path)

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